마블 시네마틱 유니버스
| 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 | |
|---|---|
 마블 시네마틱 유니버스의 자막과 에서 마블 스튜디오 : 우주 조립 (2014) | |
| 만든 사람 | 마블 스튜디오 |
| 원작 | 아이언 맨 (2008) |
| 소유자 | 월트 디즈니 컴퍼니 |
| 연령 | 2008년–현재 |
| 출판물 인쇄 | |
| 서적) | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 책들 |
| 만화 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 타이인 코믹스 |
| 영화 및 텔레비전 | |
| 필름 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 영화 |
| 단편 영화) | 마블 원샷 |
| 텔레비전 시리즈 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 텔레비전 시리즈 |
| 웹 시리즈 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 디지털 시리즈 |
| 텔레비전 스페셜 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 TV 스페셜 |
| 계략 | |
| 비디오 게임) | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 비디오 게임 연계 |
| 오디오 | |
| 오리지널 음악 | 마블 시네마틱 유니버스의 음악 |
| 여러 가지 잡다한 | |
| 테마파크 명소 | 마블 테마 어트랙션 |
마블 시네마틱 유니버스 ( MCU는 ) 미국이다 미디어 프랜차이즈 및 공유 우주 의 일련의 중심 슈퍼 히어로 영화 제작 마블 스튜디오 . 영화는 마블 코믹스가 발행하는 미국 만화책 에 등장하는 캐릭터를 기반으로 합니다 . 프랜차이즈에는 TV 시리즈, 단편 영화, 디지털 시리즈 및 문학도 포함됩니다. 만화책 의 원래 Marvel Universe 와 마찬가지로 공유 우주 는 공통 플롯 요소, 설정, 캐스트 및 캐릭터 를 교차하여 설정되었습니다.
첫 번째 MCU 영화는 크로스오버 영화인 The Avengers (2012) 에서 절정에 이르는 Phase One 의 영화를 시작한 Iron Man (2008 )입니다. 2단계 는 Iron Man 3 (2013)로 시작하여 Ant-Man (2015)으로 끝납니다 . 3단계 는 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 (2016)로 시작하여 스파이더맨: 파 프롬 홈 (2019)으로 마무리되었습니다 . 프랜차이즈의 처음 세 단계는 집합적으로 "인피니티 사가"로 알려져 있습니다. 4단계 의 영화는 Black Widow (2021)로 시작되었습니다 .
마블 텔레비전 과 네트워크 텔레비전에 우주 확장 SHIELD의 에이전트 에 ABC를 하기 전에 추가로 확대, 2013 년 텔레비전 스트리밍 에 넷플릭스 와 훌루 , 그리고 케이블 TV 에 자유형 . 그들은 또한 디지털 시리즈 Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot을 제작했습니다 . Marvel Studios는 4단계의 시작으로 2021년 WandaVision 을 시작 으로 Disney+ 에서 스트리밍하기 위한 자체 TV 시리즈를 제작하기 시작했습니다 . MCU에는 마블 코믹스에서 발행한 타이인 코믹스 도 포함되어 있습니다.Marvel One-Shots , 가짜 뉴스 프로그램 WHIH Newsfront를 특징으로 하는 영화에 대한 바이럴 마케팅 캠페인 .
프랜차이즈는 상업적으로 성공했으며 일반적으로 긍정적인 평가를 받았습니다. 그것은 다른 영화 및 텔레비전 스튜디오에서 만화책 캐릭터 적응으로 유사한 공유 우주를 만들려는 시도에 영감을 주었습니다. MCU는 또한 여러 테마 어트랙션, 미술 전시회, 2개의 TV 스페셜, 각 영화에 대한 가이드북, 여러 연결 비디오 게임 및 광고에 영감을 주었습니다.
개발
영화
"이전에는 한 번도 해본 적이 없고 모두가 받아들이고 있는 정신입니다. 다른 영화 제작자들은 다른 영화 제작자가 캐스팅한 다른 영화, 연결된 특정 줄거리 또는 연결된 특정 위치에서 배우를 얻는 데 익숙하지 않지만 제 생각에는 ... 모두가 참여했고 재미있다고 생각합니다. 기본적으로 우리는 항상 우리가 만들고 있는 영화가 먼저라는 말을 일관되게 유지했기 때문입니다. 모든 결합 조직, 그 모든 것이 재미있고 재미있습니다. 당신이 원한다면 매우 중요할 것입니다. 팬이 더 자세히 보고 연결을 찾고 싶다면 거기에 있습니다. 분명히 몇 가지 큰 것이 있습니다. 주류 청중도 따를 수 있기를 바랍니다. 하지만 ...모든 영화인들이 탑승하는 이유는 그들의 영화가 자립해야 하기 때문이다. 그들은 신선한 비전과 독특한 어조가 필요하며, 이러한 이동 경로를 따르고 싶다면 상호 연결될 수 있다는 사실은 보너스입니다."
— 마블 스튜디오 프로덕션 사장 케빈 파이기(Kevin Feige )가 공유 영화 세계를 구축하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. [1]
2005년까지 마블 엔터테인먼트 는 자체 영화를 독자적으로 제작하여 파라마운트 픽처스를 통해 배급할 계획을 세우기 시작했습니다 . [2] 이전에 Marvel은 20세기 폭스 와 7년 개발 계약을 포함하여 Columbia Pictures , New Line Cinema 및 기타 업체 와 여러 슈퍼 히어로 영화 를 공동 제작 했습니다 . [3] Marvel은 다른 스튜디오와 의 라이선스 계약 으로 상대적으로 적은 수익을 얻었고 프로젝트 및 배포에 대한 예술적 통제를 유지하면서 영화에서 더 많은 돈을 벌기를 원했습니다. [4] 아비 아라드 , 마블 영화 부문 책임자인 샘 레이미의 스파이더맨 영화 는 소니 픽처스의 영화 에 만족했지만 다른 영화 에는 덜 만족했습니다. 그 결과 아라드는 드림웍스 이후 할리우드 최초의 메이저 독립영화 스튜디오 인 마블 스튜디오 를 만들기로 결정했다 . [5]
Arad의 부사령관 인 Kevin Feige 는 [5] 각각 Sony와 Fox에 영화 판권이 허가된 Spider-Man 과 X-Men 과는 달리 Marvel이 여전히 Avengers 의 핵심 구성원에 대한 권리를 소유하고 있다는 것을 깨달았습니다 . 자칭 "팬보이"인 Feige 는 제작자 Stan Lee 와 Jack Kirby 가 1960년대 초반에 만화책으로 했던 것처럼 공유 우주를 만드는 것을 구상 했습니다. [6] 자본을 조달하기 위해 스튜디오는 Merrill Lynch 와 함께 7년 동안 5억 2,500만 달러의 회전 신용 시설에서 자금을 확보했습니다 . [4]마블의 계획은 주요 캐릭터를 위한 개별 영화를 출시한 다음 크로스오버 영화 로 병합하는 것이었습니다 . [7] 전략을 의심하면서도 초기 자금 확보에 도움이 된 것이 자신의 평판이라고 주장했던 Arad는 다음 해에 사임했습니다. [5] [8]
2007년, 33세의 나이로 파이기는 스튜디오 책임자로 임명되었습니다. 예술적 무결성을 유지하기 위해 Marvel Studios는 만화책에 정통한 6명으로 구성된 크리에이티브 위원회를 구성했습니다. Feige, Marvel Studios 공동 회장 Louis D'Esposito , Marvel Comics 퍼블리싱 사장 Dan Buckley , Marvel의 최고 크리에이티브 책임자 Joe Quesada , 작가 Brian Michael Bendis , 그리고 위원회를 감독한 Marvel Entertainment 사장 Alan Fine . [5] 파이기는 처음에 이 영화들의 공유된 내러티브 연속성을 "마블 시네마 유니버스"라고 불렀지 만 [9] 나중에 "마블 시네마틱 유니버스"라는 용어를 사용했습니다. [10]프랜차이즈가 다른 매체로 확장된 이후로 이 문구는 장편 영화만을 지칭하기 위해 일부 사람들이 사용했습니다. [11] 마블은 마블 시네마틱 유니버스 를 가상의 대체 우주 모음인 회사의 코믹 멀티버스 의 연속성 내에서 Earth-199999로 지정 했습니다. [12]
2014년 10월, Marvel Studios는 3단계 영화 의 제목을 발표하는 언론 행사를 개최했습니다 . [13] 2015년 9월까지 마블 스튜디오가 월트 디즈니 스튜디오에 통합되고 파이기가 마블 엔터테인먼트 CEO 아이작 펄머터 대신 월트 디즈니 스튜디오 회장 앨런 혼 에게 보고한 후 [14] 스튜디오의 크리에이티브 위원회는 영화에 대한 "명목" 입력을 받았습니다. 그들은 Perlmutter의 통제하에 남아있는 Marvel Television 프로덕션 에 대해 계속 컨설팅했지만 앞으로 나아갔습니다 . [15] [16] 앞으로의 모든 주요 영화 결정은 Feige, D'Esposito 및 Victoria Alonso에 의해 이루어졌습니다 .[15] 파이기는 어벤져스: 엔드게임 (2019)이 "두 개의 별개 기간. [ 엔드게임 ]이전의 모든 것과이후의모든 것"이 있는 프랜차이즈와 함께 이전 영화와 스토리라인에 "결정적인 끝"을 제공할 것이라고언급했습니다. [17]
2017년 12월 월트 디즈니 컴퍼니 는 20세기 폭스를 포함한 21세기 폭스 로부터 자산을 인수하기로 합의했습니다 . [18] 거래는 2019년 3월 19일에 공식적으로 종료되었습니다. [19] 인수로 인해 데드풀 , 엑스맨 캐릭터, 판타스틱 포 캐릭터 의 영화 판권이 마블 스튜디오에 반환되어 "더 풍부하고 더 많은 상호 관련된 캐릭터와 이야기의 복잡한 세계". [18] 2019년 7월, Feige는 Disney+ 의 영화 및 TV 이벤트 시리즈로 구성된 San Diego Comic-Con 에서 4단계 계획을 발표했습니다 . [20]2020년 12월 Disney의 투자자의 날에서 Marvel Studios는 이전에 발표된 영화 및 시리즈에 대한 업데이트를 제공하고 4단계의 일부로 확인된 추가 Disney+ 시리즈 및 스페셜을 발표했습니다. [21] [22] 이전에 20세기 폭스가 제어하여 MCU에 통합된 첫 번째 요소 중 일부 는 Disney+ 시리즈 WandaVision 의 조직 SWORD 와 시리즈 The Falcon and the Winter Soldier 의 가상 국가 Madripoor 였습니다 . [23] [24]
텔레비전
마블 텔레비전
2010년 6월, 마블 텔레비전은 제프 로브 를 수장으로 하여 출범했습니다 . [25] 2012년 7월까지 마블 텔레비전은 MCU에 쇼 세트를 만들기 위해 ABC 와 논의를 시작했습니다 . [26] 이 네트워크는 궁극적 으로 IMAX Corporation 과 공동 제작한 Agents of SHIELD , Agent Carter , [27] 및 Inhumans 시리즈를 만들었습니다 . [28] [29] [30] 2013년 11월, 디즈니는 넷플릭스 에 실사 시리즈인 데어데블 , 제시카 존스 , 루크 케이지 를 제공할 예정이었습니다., 그리고 Iron Fist , 미니시리즈 The Defenders 까지 이어집니다 . [31] 2016년 4월 Netflix는 Daredevil 의 스핀오프인 The Punisher를 주문했습니다 . [32] 2019년 2월까지 Netflix는 모든 Marvel 시리즈를 취소했습니다. [33] 2021년 1월, 파이기는 시리즈를 되살릴 가능성에 대해 "절대 말하지 말 것"이라고 말했지만 마블 스튜디오는 당시 발표된 새로운 디즈니+ 시리즈에 집중하고 있다고 언급했습니다. [34] 2016년 4월, 디즈니 소유의 케이블 네트워크 Freeform 은 Cloak & Dagger를 발표 했습니다 . [35] 2017년 5월 마블은 런어웨이즈가Hulu에서 시리즈 주문을 받았습니다. [36] 2019년 5월, Marvel은 Helstrom 이 Hulu의 승인 을 받았다고 발표했습니다 . [37]
2019년 10월, 추가적인 기업 구조 조정을 통해 파이기는 마블 엔터테인먼트의 최고 크리에이티브 책임자로 임명되었으며, 마블 텔레비전은 마블 스튜디오의 일부가 되었고 마블 텔레비전 경영진은 파이기에 보고했습니다. [38] 그러나 2019년 12월 Marvel Television은 Marvel Studios로 합병되었으며 당시 Marvel Studios가 현재 시리즈의 제작을 인수했습니다. Marvel Television의 더 이상의 시리즈는 개발을 고려하지 않았습니다. [39]
마블 스튜디오
2017년 11월까지 Disney는 스트리밍 서비스 Disney+를 위한 새로운 Marvel TV 시리즈를 개발하려고 했습니다. [40] 2018년 7월, 파이기는 서비스가 "회사에 중요한 것"이라고 생각했기 때문에 마블 스튜디오가 스트리밍 서비스에 가질 수 있는 잠재적인 참여에 대해 디즈니와 논의가 시작되었다고 언급했습니다. [41] 2018년 9월, Marvel Studios는 자신의 영화에 출연하지 않았거나 출연할 가능성이 없는 MCU 영화의 "2급" 캐릭터를 중심으로 몇 가지 제한된 시리즈를 개발하고 있다고 보고되었습니다. 각 시리즈는 6~8개의 에피소드로 구성될 예정이며, 마블 텔레비전이 아닌 마블 스튜디오에서 제작할 예정이며 파이기는 각 시리즈 개발에서 "실제 역할"을 맡았습니다. [42]Feige는 스트리밍 서비스를 위해 개발 중인 시리즈가 "우리가 극장 경험에서 말할 수 없는 이야기를 전할 것입니다. 더 긴 형식의 내러티브"라고 말했습니다. [43] 그는 또한 디즈니로부터 마블 스튜디오 내에서 이 시리즈를 제작해 달라는 요청을 받았을 때 "모든 사람에게 창의적으로 활력을 불어넣었다"고 덧붙였습니다. 왜냐하면 "새로운 매체에서 플레이할 수 있고 구조와 형식 면에서 규칙을 무시할 수 있기" 때문입니다. [44]
2019년 7월, Feige는 샌디에이고 코믹콘에서 4단계 슬레이트의 일부로 이벤트 시리즈를 발표했습니다. [20] 다음 달 D23에서 3개의 추가 Disney+ 시리즈가 발표되었으며 [45] 2020년 12월에 4개의 시리즈가 추가로 발표되었습니다. [21] [22] 4단계 슬레이트에는 What If...? , Marvel Studios의 첫 번째 애니메이션 시리즈이며 2021년 7월까지 스튜디오는 What If...? . [46]
기타 미디어 확장
2008년에는 최초의 타이인 만화가 발매되었습니다. [47] Quesada는 만화가 영화의 연속성 내에서 설정될 것이지만 직접적인 각색을 의도하지는 않았다고 언급했습니다. 오히려 그들은 "화면 밖에서 일어난 일"을 탐구하거나 간단히 언급된 내용을 구체화했습니다. Feige는 때때로 영화의 시나리오 작가와 함께 만화 제작에 참여했습니다. [48] Marvel Comics는 Marvel Studios에서 Brad Winderbaum, Jeremy Latcham, Will Corona Pilgrim과 협력하여 Marvel Comics Universe에서 Marvel Cinematic Universe로 어떤 개념을 이월해야 하는지, 연계 만화에서 무엇을 보여줄지 결정했습니다. 영화를 위해 무엇을 남길 것인가. [49]Marvel은 어떤 연계 만화가 정식 MCU 스토리로 간주되는지 명확히 했으며 나머지는 "영화의 모든 캐릭터를 의상과 만화 형식으로 과시하게 되는" MCU에서 영감을 받은 것일 뿐입니다. [50]
2011 년 8 월, 마블 일련의 발표 직접 - 투 - 비디오 단편 영화 라는 마블 한 샷을 , [51] 자신을 위해 놀라운 일 만화에서 사용되는 라벨에서 파생 된 이름 원샷 만화 . [52] 공동 제작자 브래드 Winderbaum가와 MCU를 확장하는 "새로운 캐릭터와 아이디어를 실험 할 수있는 재미있는 방법"짧은 영화를했다. [51] 각각의 단편 영화는 영화에 도입 된 문자 또는 이벤트에 대한 더 많은 스토리를 제공하는 독립적 인 이야기를 할 수 있도록 설계되어있다. [53]
2015년 3월, Marvel의 애니메이션 개발 및 제작 부사장인 Cort Lane은 MCU에 대한 애니메이션 연결이 "작업 중"이라고 말했습니다. [54] 그해 7월, Marvel Studios는 Google 과 제휴 하여 영화와 우주를 홍보하기 위한 바이럴 마케팅 캠페인 의 중심 역할을 하는 일련의 우주 YouTube 비디오인 Christine Everhart와 함께 가짜 뉴스 프로그램 WHIH Newsfront를 제작했습니다. [55] 2016년 12월, 6부작 웹 시리즈인 Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot 이 공개되었으며, 이는 2016년 12월 13일 ABC.com 에 데뷔했습니다 . Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez에 이어곧 시작 전에 비밀 임무에 SHIELD의 에이전트 ' 의 네 번째 시즌 으로, 나탈리아 코르도바 - 버클리는 그녀의 역할을 되풀이. [56] 2019년 9월, Sony 는 Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) 의 홈 미디어 출시를 홍보하기 위한 바이럴 마케팅 캠페인의 일환으로 가상의 TheDailyBugle.net 웹사이트 의 실제 버전을 만들었습니다 . Alex Jones 와 같은 실제 "음모 밀고" 웹사이트에서 영감을 받은 이 웹사이트는 JK Simmons 가 비디오에서 J. Jonah Jameson 으로 자신의 역할을 되풀이하는 것을 특징 으로 합니다. 이 비디오에서는 시청자에게 "좋아요와 구독"을 요청하기 전에 Spider-Man에 반대하는 목소리를 내고 있습니다. ".[57] [58] 2020년 12월, Marvel Studios는Disney+용 Baby Groot 가 출연하는 사실적인 애니메이션 단편시리즈인 I Am Groot를 발표했습니다. [59] [21] [60]
비즈니스 관행
Marvel Studios는 종종 Marvel의 비주얼 개발 부서에서 만화와 예술의 영향을 받은 "룩북"을 모아 프로젝트의 비주얼 템플릿을 만듭니다. 이것들은 MCU의 단계를 계획하고 개발하기 위해 스튜디오가 "18개월 정도"마다 개최하는 회사 수양회에서 함께 모입니다. 그러나 이러한 룩북이 항상 감독에게 표시되는 것은 아니며 Marvel은 때때로 감독이 자신의 아이디어를 먼저 제안하도록 하는 것을 선호합니다. [61] 마블 스튜디오는 프로젝트의 감독을 선택할 때 영화를 안내할 수 있는 영화 제작자를 고용합니다. [62]감독의 이전 작업을 감안할 때 일부 선택은 "좌익 외야"로 간주됩니다. Feige는 "우리를 위해 거대하고 거대한 시각 효과 영화를 만들기 위해 거대하고 거대한 시각 효과 영화를 감독할 필요는 없습니다. 당신은 단지 일종의 멋진 일을 해야만 합니다."라고 말했습니다. [63]
스튜디오는 감독이 공유 우주에 대한 아이디어에 열려 있고 Kenneth Branagh와 Joe Johnston과 같은 연결 자료를 기꺼이 포함할 수 있도록 하며 각각 Thor 및 Captain America: The First Avenger 에 어벤져 스 설정 장면 을 포함해야 합니다 . [6] 마블 스튜디오는 일반적으로 그들이 탐색하거나 빌드 프로젝트에, 같은 싶은 큰 아이디어가 히드라 침투 방패 에 겨울 군인 : 캡틴 아메리카 , 그와 영화 제작자로 해석하고, "조금 즉석를" 거기까지. [64]이러한 아이디어가 개발된 후 크리에이티브 팀은 더 큰 우주 연결을 만드는 방법을 보기 위해 다른 미래 프로젝트에서 발생하는 아이디어를 탐색하기 시작합니다. [65] Russo 형제와 작가 Christopher Markus 및 Stephen McFeely 와 다른 Phase 3 감독 및 작가 사이에 Avengers: Infinity 에서 MCU의 "정점"에 대한 "모든 것이 올바르게 정렬"되었는지 확인하기 위해 많은 협력이 있었습니다 . 워 앤 어벤져스: 엔드게임 . [66]
Marvel Studios는 또한 배우 사무엘 L. 잭슨 을 당시 "전례 없는" 9 편의 영화 계약에 서명하는 것을 포함하여 여러 영화의 배우와 계약하기 시작했습니다 . [67] Feige는 스튜디오에 모든 배우가 여러 영화에 대한 계약을 체결하도록 했으며 표준은 3편 이상이며 9편 또는 12편의 영화는 "더 희귀한" 거래라고 말했습니다. [68] 배우의 계약은 또한 Marvel이 한 영화에서 다른 영화에서 배우의 연기를 최대 3분까지 사용할 수 있도록 허용하는 조항을 포함하며, Marvel은 이를 "브리징 자료"라고 설명합니다. [16]4단계가 시작될 무렵, Marvel Studios는 더 이상 배우와 프로젝트마다 계약 기간이 다른 많은 수의 프로젝트에 배우를 계약하지 않았습니다. Feige는 스튜디오가 프랜차이즈에 합류하고 계약상의 의무에 얽매이지 않고 여러 프로젝트에 출연하게 된 배우를 찾고 있다고 말했습니다. 그는 또한 그들이 배우 거래에 테마파크 명소를 포함하기 시작했다고 언급했습니다. [69]
2012년 8월 Marvel은 Joss Whedon과 2015년 6월까지 영화 및 TV 독점 계약을 체결했습니다. 이 거래를 통해 Whedon은 MCU의 2단계에 "창조적으로 기여"하고 우주 최초의 텔레비전 시리즈를 개발하게 됩니다. [70] 2017년 4월, 제임스 건 은 "[가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 캐릭터]의 이야기가 어디로 가는지 디자인하고 Marvel Cosmic Universe의 미래가 특별하고 정통하며 마법 같은지 확인하기 위해 Marvel과 함께 일할 것"이라고 밝혔습니다. 우리가 지금까지 만든 것처럼". [71] 2020년 12월까지 COVID-19가 극장에 미친 영향으로 인해그리고 영화 스튜디오가 극장 개봉에서 멀어지면서 Marvel Studios는 영화가 극장 대신 Disney+에서 데뷔해야 하는 경우 조정된 보상을 받기 위해 배우, 작가, 감독 및 제작자를 위한 업데이트된 계약을 모색하기 시작했습니다. Wrap 은 새로운 계약이 곧 제작에 들어갈 영화에만 적용되는 것으로 믿고 있으며, 이미 완료되었지만 아직 개봉되지 않은 영화에 대한 계약이 조정될지 여부는 불분명하다고 보고했습니다. [72]
Marvel Television의 경우 Loeb은 자신이 쇼러너를 지원하는 프로듀서라고 생각한다고 설명했습니다. 우리가 할 수 있는 최고의 이야기를 전하기 위해 마블 팀을 거칩니다." 그는 스튜디오가 "프로세스 안내"를 돕기 위해 각 시리즈에서 작업하는 스튜디오의 한 사람만 필요했기 때문에 다양한 네트워크와 플랫폼에서 많은 시리즈를 작업할 수 있다고 덧붙였습니다. [73] 과 같은 놀라운 텔레비전 시리즈에 등장 배우 찰리 콕스 (마 머독 /에 무모한 무모한 )과 에이드리언 팰리 키 ( 바비 모스 / 앵무새 에SHIELD의 에이전트 )는 계약상 마블 영화에 출연할 의무가 있었다. [74] [75] 크로스오버 미니시리즈 The Defenders를 개발할 때 쇼러너 Marco Ramirez는 모든 개별 Marvel Netflix 시리즈의 제작자와 상의하여 Defenders 의 각 스크립트를 읽고 개별 캐릭터의 세계에 대한 통찰력을 제공하도록 했습니다. [76]
장편 영화
Marvel Studios는 "Phases"라는 그룹으로 영화를 출시합니다. [77] [78] 페이즈 1 은 아이언맨 (2008), 인크레더블 헐크 (2008), 아이언맨 2 (2010), 토르 (2011), 캡틴 아메리카: 퍼스트 어벤져 (2011)로 구성되며 크로스오버 영화 어벤져스 (2012). [78] [79] 2단계 는 아이언맨 3 (2013), 토르: 다크 월드 (2013), 캡틴 아메리카: 윈터 솔져 (2014), 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 (2014),어벤져스: 에이지 오브 울트론 (2015), 앤트맨 (2015). [78]
캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 (2016)는 페이즈 3 의 첫 번째 영화이며, 닥터 스트레인지 (2016), 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 Vol. 2 (2017), 스파이더맨: 홈커밍 (2017), 토르: 라그나로크 (2017), 블랙 팬서 (2018), 어벤져스: 인피니티 워 (2018), 앤트맨과 와스프 (2018), 캡틴 마블 (2019) , 어벤져스: 엔드게임 (2019) 및 스파이더맨: 파 프롬 홈 (2019). [78] 첫번째 세 단계는 통칭하여 "무한 사가"로 알려져있다. [80]
4단계 에는 Black Widow (2021), Shang-Chi와 The Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), Eternals (2021)가 포함되며, 그 다음은 Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021), Doctor Strange가 다우주에서 뒤따를 것입니다 . 광기의 광기 (2022), 토르: 러브 앤 썬더 (2022), 블랙 팬서: 와칸다 포에버 (2022), 마블 (2023), 가디언 즈 오브 갤럭시 Vol. 3 (2023), 앤트맨과 와스프: 퀀텀매니아 (2023), 판타스틱 포 . [81] 여러 TV 이벤트 시리즈 및 특별Disney+의 도 단계에 포함됩니다. [81]
텔레비전 시리즈
마블 텔레비전 시리즈
Marvel Television produced multiple television series set in the MCU across broadcast, streaming, and cable. The "Marvel Heroes" series–Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013–2020), Agent Carter (2015–2016), and Inhumans (2017)–aired on ABC; the "Marvel Knights" series–Daredevil (2015–2018), Jessica Jones (2015–2019), Luke Cage (2016–2018), Iron Fist (2017–2018), the crossover miniseries The Defenders (2017), and The Punisher (2017–2019)–streamed on Netflix; young adult series포함 가출 스트리밍 (2017년부터 2019년까지) 훌루 및 은폐 및 단검 에 (2018년에서 2019년까지) 방송 자유형 ; Hulu 시리즈 Helstrom (2020)은 원래 계획된 " Adventure into Fear " 프랜차이즈 의 시작으로 의도되었습니다 . [82]
마블 스튜디오 시리즈
4 단계는 디즈니 + 시리즈 포함 WandaVision (2021), 팔콘과 버키 (2021)의 첫 번째 시즌 의 로키 (2021)는 첫 시즌 애니메이션의 어떤 만약을 ...? (2021) 및 Hawkeye (2021), 다음 시리즈와 함께 Moon Knight (2022), She-Hulk (2022), Secret Invasion (2022), Ms. Marvel (2022), Ironheart , Armor Wars 및 시리즈 와 칸다를 배경으로 합니다. 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 홀리데이 스페셜 (2022) will also be included in the phase, in addition to eleven feature films.[81]
Short films
Marvel One-Shots
Marvel One-Shots are a series of direct-to-video short films that are included as special features in the MCU films' Blu-ray and digital distribution releases. The films included The Consultant (2011), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer (2011),[51] Item 47 (2012),[83] Agent Carter (2013),[84] and All Hail the King (2014).[85]
I Am Groot
I Am Groot is a series of photorealistic animated short films for Disney+ starring Baby Groot going on adventures with new and unusual characters.[59][21][60]
Other media
Digital series
WHIH Newsfront (2015–16) is an in-universe current affairs show that serves as a viral marketing campaign for some of the MCU films, created in partnership with Google for YouTube.[55][86] The campaign is an extension of the fictional news network WHIH World News, which is seen reporting on major events in many MCU films and television series.[87]
Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot (2016)은 ABC.com을 위해제작되고 Marvel Television에서 제작한 디지털 시리즈 로 Agents of SHIELD [56]
만화책
MCU 영화 및 TV 시리즈와 연결 되는 여러 개의 제한된 시리즈 또는 원샷 만화가 Marvel Comics 에서 출판되었습니다 . 반드시 우주를 확장하거나 새로운 개념이나 캐릭터를 도입하지 않고도 기존 캐릭터에 대한 추가 이야기를하거나 MCU 프로젝트 간의 연결을 만들기위한 것입니다. [49] [88]
서적
Wakanda Files: A Technological Exploration of the Avengers and Beyond 는 Shuri 의 요청에 따라 "Wakanda's War Dogs가 역사 전체에 걸쳐 축적한 문서, 기사, 청사진 및 메모 모음" 입니다. 연구 분야별로 구성되어 있으며 Marvel Cinematic Universe 전반에 걸친 기술 발전을 다룹니다. 우주에 존재하는 이 책은 Troy Benjamin이 집필하고 Epic Ink와 Quarto Publishing Group에서 출판했습니다. Wakanda Files 에는 책에 포함된 기모요 구슬 모양의 UV 조명으로 볼 수 있는 UV 잉크로 인쇄된 내용이 있습니다. 2020년 10월 20일에 출시되었습니다. [89]
음악
다양한 작곡가들이 MCU 영화, TV 시리즈, One-Shots 및 기타 MCU 관련 프로젝트의 영화 및 TV 악보 를 만들었습니다 . 오리지널 곡도 프랜차이즈에서 사용하기 위해 특별히 제작되었으며, Brian Tyler 와 Michael Giacchino 는 모두 Marvel Studios 로고에 대한 팡파르 를 득점했습니다 . [90] [91]
타임라인
MCU에 묘사된 것처럼
| 1943–1945년 | 퍼스트 어벤져 [96] |
|---|---|
| 1946년 | 에이전트 카터 [84] |
| 1947–1994 | |
| 1995년 | 캡틴 마블 [97] |
| 1996–2009년 | |
| 2010년 | 아이언맨 [98] [96] |
| 2011년 | 아이언맨 2 [98] [96] |
| 인크레더블 헐크 [98] | |
| 웃긴게... [98] [51] | |
| 토르 [98] | |
| 컨설턴트 [98] [51] | |
| 2012년 | 어벤져스 [99] |
| 항목 47 [83] | |
| 아이언맨 3 [96] [100] | |
| 2013년 | 왕 만세 [85] |
| 다크 월드 [99] | |
| 2014년 | 윈터솔져 [96] [100] |
| 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 [101] | |
| 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 Vol. 2 [102] | |
| 2015년 | 에이지 오브 울트론 [96] |
| 앤트맨 [96] [103] | |
| 2016년 | 남북 전쟁 [96] [104] |
| 블랙 위도우 [105] | |
| 블랙 팬서 [106] | |
| 동창회 [107] | |
| 닥터 스트레인지 (2017) [108] [109] | |
| 2017년 | 라그나로크 [110] [111] |
| 2018년 | 앤트맨과 와스프 [112] |
| 인피니티 워 [113] [114] | |
| 2019–2022년 | |
| 2023년 | 엔드게임 [114] |
| 완다비전 [115] | |
| 2024년 | 팔콘과 윈터솔져 [116] |
| 이터널스 [117] [118] | |
| 파 프롬 홈 [119] | |
| 2025년 | 호크아이 [120] |
동안 상 하나 가 그 시점에서 공유 우주의 타임 라인에 대한 더 장기적인 계획을 가지고 불구하고 MCU의, 마블 스튜디오, 서로에 대한 참조와 함께 자신의 영화 '이야기의 일부를 줄. [121] 철인 2는 6 개월 후에 이벤트 설정 철인 , [122] 과 동일시기에 토르 의해 코멘트에 따른 닉 퓨리 . [121] 도 포함 단계 한 영화의 이벤트, 주변에 발생하는 마블의 원샷 영화의 여러 컨설턴트 (의 사건 이후에 설정 아이언 맨 2 와 헐크를 )Thor's Hammer로 가는 길에 생긴 재미있는 일 ( 토르 사건 이전), [51] 항목 47 ( 어벤져스 이후), [83] 및 에이전트 카터 ( 캡틴 아메리카: 더 퍼스트 사건 1년 후 설정) 어벤저 ). [84]
인 - 우주의 타임 라인을 단순화 싶은, [121] 2 단계의 필름 실시간으로 관련에 대략 설정 한 복수 자 : 아이언 맨 3는 크리스마스 기간 동안, 이후 약 6 개월 일어난다; [123] [100] Thor: Dark World의 배경 은 1년 후입니다. [124] 그리고 캡틴 아메리카: 윈터 솔져 는 2년 후입니다. [100] 복수 자 : 울 트론의 나이 와 개미 남자는 , 2015 년의 위상을 종료 [125] [126] 실생활에로 - 우주 그 영화 사이를 통과하는 몇 개월. [103] 원샷All Hail the King is set after the events of Iron Man 3.[85]
내용은 3 단계 , 이사는 루소 형제는 실시간으로 계속 사용 원했고, 그래서 캡틴 아메리카 : 남북 전쟁 후 년을 시작 울 트론의 나이 , [104] 와 복수 자 : 무한 전쟁은 그 후 2 년으로 설정합니다. [113] 그러나, 제작자 브래드 Winderbaum 적은 페이즈 원 영화 말하자면, "연동"되는 동안 3 단계 필름은 실제로 "서로의 상단에 일어날 것"이라고 말했다 [127] 와 블랙 팬더 와 홈 커밍 : 스파이더 맨 (Spider-Man) 부터 각각 남북 전쟁 후 일주일과 몇 달 ; [106] [107] 토르: 라그나로크다크 월드 이후 4년 , 에이지 오브 울트론 이후 2년 , [110] [111] 남북 전쟁 및 홈커밍 과 거의 같은 시기에 시작됩니다 . [127] 닥터 스트레인지 는 1년 내내 진행되며 "나머지 MCU의 최신 정보"로 끝납니다. [109] 앤트맨과 와스프 도 시빌 워 2년 후 와 인피니티 워 직전을 배경으로 한다. [112] 그리고 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 와 그 속편 Vol. 2 는 2014년에 명시적으로 설정됨, [101] [102]Feige는 Vol. 2 및 Infinity War , 그 시점까지의 다른 MCU 영화는 화면상의 연도를 지정하지 않습니다. [128]은 다음과 무한 전쟁 , 러일 형제가 있기 때문에 미래의 영화는 반드시 실시간에 따라 설정되지 않을 것이라고 말했다 모두, "이야기가 여기에서 갈 수있는 매우 발명의 방법은 여러가지" 개미 인간과 말벌 그리고 캡틴 마블 은 타임라인에서 더 일찍 설정되었습니다. [129] 후자는 1995년을 배경으로 한다. [97] ' 어벤져스: 엔드게임' 은 인피니티 워 직후 시작 되어 5년 간의 시간 점프를 거쳐 2023년에 끝난다. [114] It confirms dates for several of the other films, including The Avengers in 2012, Thor: The Dark World in 2013, Guardians of the Galaxy in 2014,[99] Doctor Strange around 2017,[108] and Ant-Man and the Wasp in 2018 at the same time as Infinity War. Spider-Man: Far From Home begins eight months after Endgame in 2024.[119]
4단계를 통해 Marvel Studios 는 Marvel Television의 시리즈 보다 MCU 장편 영화와 더 큰 상호 연결성을 가진 텔레비전 시리즈로 확장되었습니다 . [130] 위상의 특성의 대부분은 사건 이후에 설정되는 복수 자 : 최종회를 . WandaVision 은 그 영화의 사건 3주 후에 설정되며 [115] 광기의 다중우주에서 닥터 스트레인지를 직접 설정합니다 . [44] 광기의 멀티 버스는 또한 후 설정 최종회 와 타이에서 것으로 첫 시즌 의 로키 와 스파이더 맨 : 없음 웨이 홈 as well.[131][132][133] The first season of Loki continues from the 2012 events seen in Endgame, but much of the series exists outside of time and space given the introduction of the Time Variance Authority.[92] What If...? is set after Loki's first season finale, exploring the various branching timelines of the newly created multiverse in which major moments from the MCU films occur differently.[134][93] The Falcon and the Winter Soldier is set six months after Endgame.[116] Eternals[118] [117] 팰컨과 윈터솔져 , 스파이더맨: 파 프롬 홈 , 2024년 엔드게임 6~8개월 후 , [118] [117] 비슷한 시기에 일어나는 반면, 스파이더맨: 노 웨이 홈 은 파 프롬 이후를 배경으로 합니다. 홈 . [135] 샹치와 십반지의 전설 도 엔드게임 이후에 설정 됩니다. [136] Hawkeye 는 크리스마스 시즌 동안 Endgame 이후 2년 동안 발생합니다. [120] 블랙 위도우 는 시빌 워 와 인피니티 워 사이를 배경으로 한다., mostly taking place between the main plot of Civil War and its final scene.[105]
Codifying attempts
| External image | |
|---|---|
 The Phase One Timeline infographic released by Marvel in May 2012[98] |
The official canon tie-in comic Fury's Big Week confirmed that The Incredible Hulk, Iron Man 2, and Thor all took place within a week, a year before the crossover film The Avengers. Writers Christopher Yost and Eric Pearson tried to follow the logic of the films' timeline when plotting the comic, and received "the seal of approval" from Feige and Marvel Studios on the final timeline.[137] As promotion for The Avengers, Marvel released an official infographic detailing this timeline in May 2012.[98]
스파이더맨: 홈커밍 이 개발 중일 때 감독이자 공동 작가인 존 왓츠 는 공동 제작자 에릭 캐롤이 마블 스튜디오에서 처음 일을 시작했을 때 만든 MCU 타임라인을 자세히 설명하는 두루마리를 보여주었습니다. Watts는 두루마리에는 영화의 연속성이 줄지어 있는 곳과 줄을 서지 않은 곳, 그리고 완전히 펼쳐졌을 때 긴 회의 테이블의 길이를 넘어 확장된 곳이 모두 포함되어 있다고 말했습니다. 이 두루마리는 어벤져스와 같은 이전 영화 에 홈커밍 의 연속성을 짜는 기초로 사용되었습니다 . [138] 이것은 영화에서 어벤져스 의 끝 과 시빌 워 의 사건 사이에 8년이 지났다는 제목 카드와 함께 표시되었습니다.4년이 지나야 하는 기존 MCU 타임라인을 깨는 연속성 오류라는 비판이 쏟아졌다. [139] [140] 또한, 남북 전쟁 에서의 대화 는 확립된 연속성이 5년 또는 6년에 더 가깝음에도 불구하고 Iron Man 의 끝 과 그 영화의 사건 사이에 8년이 경과했음을 나타냅니다 . [141] [142 ] [142 ] [142] 인피니티 워의 공동 감독인 조 루소 는 홈커밍 8년 시간 점프를 "매우 잘못된 것"이라고 설명했으며 , [143] 인피니티 워 에서는 해당 사건이 발생한 지 불과 6년 후라고 명시한 실수를 무시했습니다 . 어벤져스.[142] The public response to the Homecoming mistake inspired Marvel Studios to release a new timeline for all three phases,[140] and in November 2018, a timeline, specifying dates for the events in each film released to that point, was included as part of the sourcebook Marvel Studios: The First 10 Years, celebrating the 10-year anniversary of the MCU.[144]
| Year(s) | Feature films[b] |
|---|---|
| 1943–1945 | Captain America: The First Avenger |
| 2010 | Iron Man |
| 2011 | Iron Man 2, Thor |
| 2012 | The Avengers, Iron Man 3 |
| 2013 | Thor: The Dark World |
| 2014 | 캡틴 아메리카: 윈터 솔져 , 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 , 가디언즈 오브 갤럭시 Vol. 2 |
| 2015년 | 어벤져스: 에이지 오브 울트론 , 앤트맨 |
| 2016년 | 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 |
| 2016–2017 | 닥터 스트레인지 |
| 2017년 | 블랙 팬서 , 토르: 라그나로크 , 어벤져스: 인피니티 워 |
This timeline ignores the two "eight-year" continuity errors, but also contradicts the events of Black Panther and Infinity War by placing them in 2017. Despite the latter apparent mistakes, Thomas Bacon of Screen Rant described the timeline as "the closest Marvel has yet come to making an official statement on just when the different MCU events are set", bringing "some sense of balance to the MCU continuity".[96]
2020년 10월, Disney+ 의 Marvel 섹션은 영화를 단계별로 그룹화하고 영화를 타임라인 순서로 정렬하는 그룹화를 포함하도록 재구성되었습니다. [145] 베이컨 은 이 타임라인에서 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 이후 어벤져 스와 아이언맨 3 , 블랙 팬서 사이 에 토르: 다크 월드 의 배치를 느꼈고, 2018년 11월 최초 10년 타임라인에 배치된 "이전 문제"를 수정했습니다. 디즈니와 마블이 "이러한 영화를 개봉 순서가 아닌 다른 순서로 볼 수 있음을 인정하고", 이러한 시청 경험을 "합법화"하게 되어 기뻤습니다. 인크레더블 헐크 ,스파이더 맨 : 동창회 , 그리고 스파이더 맨 : 가정에서 멀리는 자신의 배포 권한을 가지고 있지 않은 디즈니 때문에 제외 하였다, 그러나 베이컨 느낌 헐크는 후에 볼 수있는 아이언 맨 2 는 그 필름을 동시에하기 때문에, 홈 커밍은 이후에 올 수 Black Panther 및 Far From Home 은 Avengers: Endgame 이후에 볼 수 있습니다 . [146] Verge의 Julia Alexander는 "디즈니가 마침내 [일부 시청자들]이 마블 영화를 보고 싶어하는 방식을 이해하는 것 같다"고 베이컨에 동의했습니다. [145]
As of the release of What If...?, the Disney+ timeline order is Captain America: The First Avenger, Captain Marvel, Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Thor, The Avengers, Thor: The Dark World, Iron Man 3, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Guardians of the Galaxy, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Ant-Man, Captain America: Civil War, Black Widow, Black Panther, Doctor Strange, Thor: Ragnarok, Ant-Man and the Wasp, Avengers: Infinity War, Avengers: Endgame, Loki, What If...?, WandaVision, and The Falcon and the Winter Soldier.[95]
Recurring cast and characters
이 섹션에는 최소 3개의 MCU 영화/시리즈에 출연하거나 출연한 적이 있고 최소 2개의 프랜차이즈에서 주요 청구 크레딧을 받은 캐릭터가 포함됩니다.
- 어두운 회색 셀은 해당 캐릭터가 미디어에 없거나 캐릭터의 존재가 아직 확인되지 않았음을 나타냅니다.
- A P 는 화면상의 사진에 나타나는 모습을 나타냅니다.
- V는 음성 전용 역할을 나타냅니다.
Additionally, Paul Bettany was the first actor to portray two main characters within the universe, voicing Tony Stark's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Iron Man and Avengers films, and portraying Vision in Avengers films, Captain America: Civil War, and the miniseries WandaVision.[227][228][229][153] J. K. Simmons became the first actor to reprise a non-MCU role in the MCU when he appeared as J. Jonah Jameson (a role he played in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man2002년부터 2007년까지 3부작 ) 스파이더맨: 파 프롬 홈 . [230]
Prior to his death in 2018, Stan Lee, creator or co-creator of many of the characters seen in the MCU, made cameo appearances in all of the feature films and television series except Inhumans. In Iron Fist, it is revealed his on-set photograph cameo in the Marvel Netflix series is as NYPD Captain Irving Forbush.[231] His cameo in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 sees Lee appearing as an informant to the Watchers, discussing previous adventures that include Lee's cameos in other MCU films; he specifically mentions his time as a FedEx delivery man, referring to Lee's cameo in 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 . [232] 이것은 Lee가 그의 모든 카메오에서 같은 캐릭터를 묘사할 수 있다는 팬 이론을 인정했으며, [233] 작가이자 감독인 James Gunn은 "사람들은 Stan Lee를 [ Uatu Watcher ] 라고 생각 했고 이 모든 카메오들은 그의 일부는 Watcher였습니다. 그래서 Watchers에서 일하는 Stan Lee는 MCU에서 재미있다고 생각한 것이었습니다." [232] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233 ] [233] Feige는 Lee가 "모든 영화의 현실과 별개로 분명히 존재합니다. 그래서 그가 Guardians 의 점프 게이트 시퀀스 동안 우주 피트 스톱에 앉아 있을 수 있다는 개념이 추가되었습니다....really says, so wait a minute, he's this same character who's popped up in all these films?"[234] Following Lee's death, Marvel Studios chose not to create any new Lee cameos in future projects.[235] NY1 news anchor Pat Kiernan has also appeared in multiple MCU films and television series as himself.[236]
Reception
Herald & Review 의 Jim Vorel은 Marvel Cinematic Universe를 "복잡하고" "인상적"이라고 말하면서도 "점점 더 많은 영웅들이 자신의 영화를 각색하게 되면서 전체 우주가 점점 더 혼란스러워집니다."라고 말했습니다. [237] 의 코피 무법자 화면 호언 장담은 동안 밝혔다 어벤져는 성공이 있었다 "마블 스튜디오는 여전히 공유 영화 세계를 구축하는 그들의 접근을 개선 할 여지가." [238] 일부 평론가들은 공유된 우주를 만들고자 하는 열망이 그 자체로 잘 유지되지 않는 영화로 이어진다는 사실을 비판했다. 토르: 다크 월드에 대한 리뷰 에서 포브스 평론가 스콧 멘델슨은 MCU를 "영화화된 TV 시리즈"The Dark World being a "'stand-alone' episode that contains little long-range mythology".[239] Collider's Matt Goldberg considered that while Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger were quality productions, "they have never really been their own movies", feeling that the plot detours to S.H.I.E.L.D. or lead-ups to The Avengers dragged down the films' narratives.[240]
"세계에서 가장 큰 TV 쇼"라는 MCU의 은유는 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 가 개봉된 후 복스의 Emily VanDerWerff에 의해 다시 논의되었습니다 . Vox의 Emily VanDerWerff는 그 영화가 특히 Marvel의 성공을 강조했다고 느꼈습니다. 완전히 고립된 상태에서 캡틴 아메리카: 시빌 워 의 줄거리 makes little to no sense ... [but] when you think about where [Captain America] has been in earlier Marvel films ... his leeriness about being subject to oversight makes a lot more sense." VanDerWerff continued that when thinking about the MCU as a television series, many "common criticisms people tend to level at it take on a new context" such as complaints that the films are formulaic, lack "visual spark", or "shoehorn in story elements" that "are necessary to set up future films", all characteristics that "are fairly typical on television, where a director's influence is much lower than that of the showrunner", in this case, Feige. Comparing the films to the series Game of Thrones특히 VanDerWerff는 각 솔로 영화가 "피날레(또는 어벤져스 영화)에 모든 사람을 모으기 전에 다양한 캐릭터와 개별적인 이야기를 확인"한다고 언급했으며, Guardians of the Galaxy 는 캐릭터 Daenerys Targaryen 과 동일합니다. — "둘 다 다른 사람과 멀리 떨어져 있습니다." 그녀는 이 형식이 Star Wars 와 같은 초기 "TV와 같은" 영화 프랜차이즈의 확장이라고 언급했습니다., as well as the format of the comics upon which the films are based. "I say all of this not to suggest that film franchises resembling TV series is necessarily a good trend", VanDerWerff concluded, "For as much as I generally enjoy the Marvel movies, I'm disheartened by the possibility that their particular form might take over the film industry ... But I also don't think it's the end of the world if Marvel continues on ... there's a reason TV has stolen so much of the cultural conversation over the past few decades. There's something legitimately exciting about the way the medium tells stories when it's good, and if nothing else, Marvel's success shows the film world could learn from that."[241]
Following the conclusion of season one of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., Mary McNamara at the Los Angeles Times praised the connections between that series and the films, stating that "never before has television been literally married to film, charged with filling in the back story and creating the connective tissue of an ongoing film franchise ... [Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.] is now not only a very good show in its own right, it's part of Marvel's multiplatform city-state. It faces a future of perpetual re-invention, and that puts it in the exhilarating first car of television's roller-coaster ride toward possible world domination."[242] Terri Schwartz of Zap2it agreed with this sentiment, stating that "the fact that [Captain America: The Winter Soldier] so influenced the show is game-changing in terms of how the mediums of film and television can be interwoven", though "the fault there seems to be that Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. had to bide time until The Winter Soldier's release", which led to much criticism.[243]
2015년 1월, Newsarama의 Michael Doran 과 The Hollywood Reporter 의 Graeme McMillian은 첫 번째 Ant-Man 예고편 에 대한 응답으로 "포인트 대위법" 토론을 했습니다 . 도란은 말했다 "마블이 줄을 제기했다 sooo를 고 그 바로 아래 끝까지 다른 필름을 허용 반대로 [MCU] 바, 우리는 그것을 삭제하지 않는 첫 번째 것은 과민 반응 지나치게 및 심지어 열망있어" . McMillian은 "이 시점에서 Marvel의 브랜드는 큰 실망처럼 보이지 않고 [예고편]과 같은 것을 제공 할 수 있는지 확신하지 못합니다 ... Marvel 브랜드의 일부는 그렇지 않다는 것입니다. offer the kind of run-of-the-mill superhero movie that you're talking about, that it's ... at least different enough to tweak and play with the genre somehow ... The fact that there's such upset about this trailer being ... well, okay ... suggests to me that the audience is expecting something to knock their socks off." Doran concluded, "That does seem to be the point here—the expectations fans now have for everything Marvel Studios ... [and] Marvel is going to eventually falter."[244]
After seeing the portrayal of Yellowjacket in Ant-Man, the antagonist of the film, McMillian noted,
It's hardly a secret that Marvel Studios has a bit of a problem when it comes to offering up exciting characters for their heroes to fight against ... [their] villains generally fall into one of two camps. There's the Unstoppable Monster ... or there's the Professional White Guy In A Suit With An Ego ... No matter which of the groups the above villains fall into, they share one common purpose: evil. The motivations for evil likely differ—although, invariably, they fall under the umbrella of 'misguided belief in a greater good that doesn't exist'—but that really doesn't matter, because without fail, there will be so little time in the movie to actually properly explore those motivations, meaning that to all intents and purposes, the villain is being evil for reasons of plot necessity and little else ... The strange thing about this is that Marvel's comic books offer a number of wonderful, colorful bad guys who could step outside the above parameters and offer an alternative to the formulaic villains audiences have gotten used to (and arguably bored with) ... In future movies, we can only hope [they are] treated in such a way that their freak flags are allowed to fly free.[245]
Following the release of Jessica Jones, David Priest at CNET wrote about how the series rescues "Marvel from itself ... Jessica Jones takes big steps forward in terms of theme, craft and diversity. It's a good story first, and a superhero show second. And for the first time, the MCU seems like it matters. Our culture needs stories like this. Here's hoping Marvel keeps them coming."[246] For Paul Tassi and Erik Kain of Forbes, watching the series made them question the MCU, with Kain feeling that the "morally complex, violent, dark world of Jessica Jones has no place in the MCU ... right now, the MCU is holding back shows like Jessica Jones and 데어데블 , 그 쇼들은 MCU에 전혀 기여하지 않습니다." [247] Tassi는 "마블 시네마틱 유니버스의 요점"이 무엇인지 궁금해하기까지 했으며, Winter Soldier가 공개된 이후 프랜차이즈에서 주요 크로스오버가 부족함을 한탄했습니다. 에 SHIELD의 에이전트 , 그리고 말하는 제시카 존스는 "지금까지의 세계에서 제거 어벤져 , 그것뿐만 아니라 모두에서 같은 우주하지 않을 수도 있습니다 ... [I]는 정말 지점을 [이해하지 않는다 MCU] 안에 있는 모든 것을 이 작은 상자에 분리하여 보관하려는 경우" [248] 반대로 Inverse의 Eric Francisco는 Jessica Jones를 'MCU에 대한 명백한 연결의 부족 "쇼의 가장 큰 장점입니다. 실제로 MCU의 범위가 물리적으로 얼마나 넓은지를 보여주는 것 외에도 Jessica Jones 는 MCU의 주제별 내구성도 증명합니다." [249]
In April 2016, Marvel Studios revealed that Alfre Woodard would appear in Captain America: Civil War, having already been cast as Mariah Dillard in Luke Cage the previous year.[250] This "raised hopes that Marvel could be uniting its film and Netflix universes",[251] with "one of the first and strongest connections" between the two.[250] However, Civil War writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely revealed that Woodard would instead be portraying Miriam Sharpe in the film, explaining that she had been cast on the suggestion of Robert Downey, Jr., and they had not learned of her casting in 이후까지 루크 케이지 . [250] 이것은 MCU에서 배우들이 여러 역할에 캐스팅된 첫 번째 사례는 아니었지만 이 캐스팅은 더 "중요한" 것으로 불렸으며 많은 사람들이 "더 커져가는 격차"와 "실망의 부족"에 대한 "실망스러운" 표시로 보았습니다. 2015년 9월 Marvel Entertainment의 기업 개편 이후 Marvel Studios와 Marvel Television 간의 보다 만족스러운 협력" [250] [252]
Hollywood Reporter 의 Richard Newby는 " Phase One 의 Captain America: The First Avenger in 2011" 이후 MCU의 첫 번째 전체 기간 작품 인 Captain Marvel 의 1990년대 설정에 대해 이야기하면서 일부 캐릭터의 더 어린 버전이 돌아 왔다고 느꼈습니다. 이전 영화는 "완전히 새로운 방식으로 MCU를 열고 '모든 것이 연결되어 있다 ' 는 프랜차이즈의 만트라를 확장했습니다.". 영화에서 Phil Coulson 요원으로 Clark Gregg의 등장에 대해 구체적으로 말하면서 Newby는 "마블의 영화와 TV 부문 사이의 울타리를 정확히 수정하지는 않지만 결합 조직과 이러한 캐릭터가 여전히 마블 영화 계획의 큰 계획에서 문제". 그는 또한 캡틴 마블 에서 에이전트 오브 쉴드의 연속성 이 유지 되기를 바랐다., especially since Coulson has dealt with the Kree in the series. Newby also added that shifting to different time periods would help Marvel Studios "sustain this cinematic universe for the next 10 years" by allowing them to repeat some of the genres previously used, as they could then feel "fresh" and have "different rules and different restraints," as well as allow them to build upon material established in the television series such as Agent Carter. He concluded,
Marvel Studios has an entire sandbox to play in, but, for necessary reasons, has largely chosen to remain in a small corner in order to ground audiences in these concepts. Now that the basis has been laid, the opportunity for exploration in both film and television lies ahead, with Captain Marvel leading the way. Wherever Marvel Studios plans to take the MCU in the future, it's refreshing to know that its past is expansive and filled with infinite possibilities.[253]
Likewise, in his review of Avengers: Endgame, Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal acknowledged the unique achievement that the Marvel Cinematic Universe had accomplished:
지금은 대형 스크린 엔터테인먼트에 어려운 시기입니다. 매체가 쇠퇴하고 TV가 성장함에 따라 작은 아이디어를 화려하게 장식하는 것과는 대조적으로 진정한 스펙타클은 전설적인 과거의 일이 될 위기에 처해 있습니다. 따라서 도중에 엉뚱한 실수가 발생하더라도 Marvel이 달성한 것을 소중히 여겨야 할 더 많은 이유가 있습니다. 스튜디오는 놀라움에 대한 관객의 욕구, 복잡성에 대한 수용력을 바탕으로 영화의 대부분을 세련되게 만들지 않고, 멍청하게 만들지 않고 이익을 긁어모아 믿음을 지켰습니다. 마지막 전투의 말에 올 때 복수 자 : 최종회 , 그것은 필연적으로 다루기 - 모든 마블 캐릭터는 우주 악하지만 모두 같은 스릴에 한 번 더 공격을 위해 지난 십 쇼에서의 최대 생각할 수있는, 그리고 섬세한 이어 코다. So many stories. So many adventures. So much to sort out before the next cycle starts.[254]
In October 2019, filmmaker Martin Scorsese openly criticized Marvel films in an interview and during a David Lean lecture in London, later expanded in an op-ed in The New York Times, asserting that these films are not cinema, but are instead the equivalent of theme park rides that lack "mystery, revelation or genuine emotional danger".[255][256][257] He also stated that such films are corporation products that have been "market-researched, audience-tested, vetted, modified, revetted and remodified until they're ready for consumption", and that the invasion of such "theme park" films in theaters crowded out films by other directors.[258]스콜세지 감독의 발언은 같은 조스 휘던 제임스 건, 같은 MCU 영화 감독에 의해 기각되었다 [255] 그들은에 의해 방어하는 동안 프랜시스 포드 코폴라 "비열한"로 영화 산업에 마블 영화의 잠재적 인 효과를 설명. [259] 반대로, 조지 밀러는 말했다 :
나에게 모든 것은 영화다. 나는 당신이 그것을 빈민가화하고 오 이것은 영화다, 저것은 영화라고 말할 수 없다고 생각합니다. 그것은 모든 형태의 모든 예술, 문학, 공연 예술, 회화 및 음악에 적용됩니다. 그것은 매우 넓은 스펙트럼, 넓은 범위이며 누군가가 다른 사람보다 더 중요하거나 더 중요하다고 말하는 것은 요점을 놓치고 있습니다. 그것은 하나의 큰 모자이크이며 각 작업이 그 안에 들어 맞습니다. [260]
문화적 영향
Other studios
After the release of The Avengers in May 2012, Tom Russo of Boston.com noted that aside from the occasional "novelty" such as Alien vs. Predator (2004), the idea of a shared universe was virtually unheard of in Hollywood.[6] Since that time, the shared universe model created by Marvel Studios has begun to be replicated by other film studios that held rights to other comic book characters. In April 2014, Tuna Amobi, a media analyst for Standard & Poor's Equity Research Services, stated that in the previous three to five years, Hollywood studios began planning "megafranchises" for years to come, opposed to working one blockbuster at a time. Amobi added, "A lot of these superhero characters were just being left there to gather dust. Disney has proved that this [approach and genre] can be a gold mine."[261] However, with additional studios now "playing the megafranchise game", Doug Creutz, media analyst for Cowen and Company, feels the allure will eventually die for audiences: "If Marvel's going to make two or three films a year, and Warner Brothers is going to do at least a film every year, and Sony's going to do a film every year, and Fox [is] going to do a film every year, can everyone do well in that scenario? I'm not sure they can."[261]
In March 2018, Patrick Shanley of The Hollywood Reporter opined that "the key differences between a regular franchise, such as The Fast and the Furious or Pitch Perfect films, and a shared universe is the amount of planning and interweaving that goes into each individual film. Its all too easy to make a film that exists solely for the purpose of setting up future installments and expanding a world, rather than a film that stands on its own merits while deftly hinting or winking at its place in the larger mythos. In that, the MCU has flourished." He felt that Iron Man "itself was aimed at being an enjoyable stand-alone experience, not as an overall advertisement for 17 subsequent movies. That mentality has persisted through most of the MCU films over the past decade, which is all the more impressive as its roster of heroes now exceeds the two-dozen mark."[262]
DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Pictures
In October 2012, following its legal victory over Joe Shuster's estate for the rights to Superman, Warner Bros. Pictures announced that it planned to move ahead with its long-awaited Justice League film, uniting such DC Comics superheroes as Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman. The company was expected to take the opposite approach to Marvel, releasing individual films for the characters after they have appeared in a team-up film.[263] The release of Man of Steel in 2013 was intended to be the start of a new shared universe for DC, "laying the groundwork for the future slate of films based on DC Comics".[264] In 2014, Warner Bros. announced that slate of films, similarly to Disney and Marvel claiming dates for films years in advance.[265] That year, DC CCO Geoff Johns stated that the television series Arrow and The Flash were set in a separate universe from the new film one,[266] later clarifying that "We look at it as the multiverse. We have our TV universe and our film universe, but they all co-exist. For us, creatively, it's about allowing everyone to make the best possible product, to tell the best story, to do the best world. Everyone has a vision and you really want to let the visions shine through ... It's just a different approach [to Marvel's]."[267]
Discussing the apparent failure of the cinematic universe's first team-up film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, to establish a successful equivalent to the MCU, Emily VanDerWerff noted that where the MCU has a television-like "showrunner" in Feige, "the visionary behind Marvel's entire slate", the DCEU has director Zack Snyder, whose DC films "seemingly start from the assumption that people have come not to see an individual story but a long series of teases for other ones. It's like he knows what he needs to do but can't focus on the task at hand. TV certainly isn't immune to that problem, but shows that get caught up in high-concept premises and big-picture thinking before doing the necessary legwork to establish characters and their relationships tend to be canceled."[241] Subsequently, in May 2016, Warner Bros. gave oversight of the DCEU to Johns and executive Jon Berg in an attempt to "unify the disparate elements of the DC movies" and emulate Marvel's success. The two were made producers on the Justice League films, on top of Johns' involvement in several "solo" films, such as the post-production process of Suicide Squad or the writing process of a standalone Batman film.[268] After the successful release of Wonder Woman in June 2017, DC decided to begin deemphasizing the shared nature of their films, with DC Entertainment president Diane Nelson stating, "Our intention, certainly, moving forward is using the continuity to help make sure nothing is diverging in a way that doesn't make sense, but there's no insistence upon an overall story line or interconnectivity in that universe... Moving forward, you'll see the DC movie universe being a universe, but one that comes from the heart of the filmmaker who's creating them." Additionally, DC began focusing on films "completely separate from everything else, set entirely outside" the DCEU as part of a new label, with the first film centered on the Joker.[269]
20th Century Fox
In November 2012, 20th Century Fox announced plans to create their own shared universe, consisting of Marvel properties that it holds the rights to including the Fantastic Four and X-Men, with the hiring of Mark Millar as supervising producer. Millar said, "Fox are thinking, 'We're sitting on some really awesome things here. There is another side of the Marvel Universe. Let's try and get some cohesiveness going.' So they brought me in to oversee that really. To meet with the writers and directors to suggest new ways we could take this stuff and new properties that could spin out of it."[270] X-Men: Days of Future Past, released in 2014, was Fox's first step towards expanding their stable of Marvel properties and creating this universe,[271] ahead of the release of a Fantastic Four reboot film the next year.[272] However, in May 2014, Days of Future Past and Fantastic Four screenwriter Simon Kinberg stated that the latter film would not take place in the same universe as the X-Men films, explaining that "none of the X-Men movies have acknowledged the notion of a sort of superhero team—the Fantastic Four. And the Fantastic Four acquire powers, so for them to live in a world where mutants are prevalent is kind of complicated, because you're like, 'Oh, you're just a mutant.' Like, 'What's so fantastic about you?' ... they live in discrete universes."[272] In July 2015, X-Men director Bryan Singer said that there was still potential for a crossover between the X-Men and Fantastic Four franchises, if reaction to Fantastic Four and X-Men: Apocalypse warranted it.[273]
Feeling that Singer's efforts in Apocalypse to establish a larger world, similar to the MCU, did not meet the standards established by Marvel, VanDerWerff noted that unlike Feige's ability to serve as "pseudo-showrunner", Singer is instead "steeped in film and the way movie stories have always been told", so "when it comes time to have Apocalypse dovetail with story threads from the earlier X-Men: First Class [directed by Matthew Vaughn], both Singer's direction and Simon Kinberg's script rely on hackneyed devices and clumsy storytelling", indicating a lack of "the kind of big-picture thinking this sort of mega franchise requires".[241] In his review of Dark Phoenix, Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal characterized the entire X-Men film series as being a "notoriously erratic franchise."[274] In March 2019, the film rights of Deadpool, the X-Men characters, and the Fantastic Four characters returned to Marvel Studios following The Walt Disney Company's acquisition of 21st Century Fox.[18][19]
Sony Pictures
In November 2013, Sony Pictures Entertainment Co-Chairman Amy Pascal announced that the studio intended to expand their universe created within the Marc Webb Amazing Spider-Man series, with spin-off adventures for supporting characters, in an attempt to replicate Marvel and Disney's model.[271] The next month, Sony announced Venom and Sinister Six films, both set in the Amazing Spider-Man universe. With this announcement, IGN stated that the spin-offs are "the latest example of what we can refer to as "the Avengers effect" in Hollywood, as studios work to build interlocking movie universes."[275] Sony chose not to replicate the Marvel Studios model of introducing individual characters first before bringing them together in a team-up film, instead making the Spider-Man adversaries the stars of future films.[261] However, in February 2015, Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios announced that the Spider-Man franchise would be retooled, with a new film co-produced by Feige and Pascal being released in July 2017, and the character being integrated into the MCU. Sony Pictures would continue to finance, distribute, own, and have final creative control of the Spider-Man films.[276] With this announcement, sequels to The Amazing Spider-Man 2 were canceled,[277] and by November 2015 the Venom and Sinister Six films, as well as spin-offs based on female characters in the Spider-Man universe, were no longer moving forward.[277][278] By March 2016, the Venom film had itself been retooled, to start its own franchise unrelated to the MCU Spider-Man.[279] A year later, Sony officially announced the Venom film to be in development, for an October 5, 2018 release,[280] along with a film centered on the characters Silver Sable and Black Cat known as Silver & Black.[281] Both projects were not intended to be a part of the MCU nor spin-offs to Spider-Man: Homecoming, but rather part of an intended separate shared universe known as the Sony's Spider-Man Universe.[281][282][283] However, the mid-credits scene of Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021) hinted at Eddie Brock / Venom joining the MCU.[284]
After Sony canceled their shared universe plans and started sharing the Spider-Man character with Marvel Studios, multiple critics discussed their failure at replicating the MCU. Scott Meslow of The Week noted the perceived flaws of the first Amazing Spider-Man film, outside of its lead performances, and how the sequel "doubles down on all the missteps of the original while adding a few of its own. …We now have a textbook example of how not to reboot a superhero franchise, and if Sony and Marvel are wise, they'll take virtually all those lessons to heart as they chart Spider-Man's next course."[285] Scott Mendelson noted that The Amazing Spider-Man 2 "was sold as less a sequel to The Amazing Spider-Man than a backdoor pilot for Spider-Man vs. the Sinister Six. …Had Sony stuck with the original plan of a scaled-down superhero franchise, one that really was rooted in romantic drama, they would have at least stuck out in a crowded field of superhero franchises. When every superhero film is now going bigger, Amazing Spider-Man could have distinguished itself by going small and intimate." This would have saved Sony "a boatload of money", and potentially reversed the film's relative financial failure.[286]
Academia
In September 2014, the University of Baltimore announced a course beginning in the 2015 spring semester revolving around the Marvel Cinematic Universe, to be taught by Arnold T. Blumberg. "Media Genres: Media Marvels" examines "how Marvel's series of interconnected films and television shows, plus related media and comic book sources and Joseph Campbell's monomyth of the 'hero's journey', offer important insights into modern culture" as well as Marvel's efforts "to establish a viable universe of plotlines, characters, and backstories."[287][288]
Outside media
Avengers Campus
After the acquisition by Disney in 2009, Marvel films began to be marketed at the Innoventions attraction in Tomorrowland at Disneyland. For Iron Man 3, the exhibit, entitled "Iron Man Tech Presented by Stark Industries", featured the same armor display that was shown at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, with the Marks I-VII and the new Mark XLII. In addition, there was a simulator game, titled "Become Iron Man", that used Kinect-like technology to allow the viewer to be encased in an animated Mark XLII armor and take part in a series of "tests," in which you fire repulsor rays and fly through Tony Stark's workshop. The game was guided by J.A.R.V.I.S., who is voiced again by Paul Bettany. The exhibit also had smaller displays that included helmets and chest pieces from the earlier films and the gauntlet and boot from an action sequence in Iron Man 3.[289] The exhibit for Thor: The Dark World was called "Thor: Treasures of Asgard", and featured displays of Asgardian relics and transports guests to Odin's throne room, where they were greeted by Thor.[290] Captain America: The Winter Soldier's exhibit, "Captain America: The Living Legend and Symbol of Courage", featured a meet and greet experience.[291]
From May to September 2017, Disneyland Resort featured the "Summer of Heroes", which sees members of the Guardians and Avengers making appearances throughout the Disneyland Resort. Additionally, the Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Dance Off event was featured, which involved Peter Quill / Star-Lord blasting music from his boombox, along with the Avengers Training Initiative, a limited experience where Black Widow and Hawkeye "assemble a group of young recruits to see if they have what it takes to be an Avenger." Marvel-related food and merchandise was also available throughout Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure during the "Summer of Heroes".[292]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced three new Marvel-themed areas inspired by the MCU to Disney California Adventure, Walt Disney Studios Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland. The developments will be designed by Walt Disney Imagineering in collaboration with Marvel Studios and Marvel Themed Entertainment.[293] As was established with Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!, Avengers Campus exists in its own theme park universe that is inspired by the MCU.[294][295] Being in the MCU multiverse, Avengers Campus has a shared history with the MCU proper, with a few notable exceptions being the Blip from Avengers: Infinity War did not occur, and some characters who died, such as Tony Stark, are still alive.[295]
Hong Kong Disneyland
In October 2013, the Iron Man Experience attraction was announced for Hong Kong Disneyland.[296] It is set in the Tomorrowland section of the park,[297] with the area built to look like a new Stark Expo created by Tony Stark after the 2010 one, as seen in Iron Man 2,[298] with various exhibit halls that include the Mark III armor from the films.[297][299] The area also has Iron Man and Marvel-themed merchandise items and memorabilia, plus an interactive game where guests can have the chance to try on Iron Man's armor.[300] Iron Man Experience sees guests assist Iron Man in defeating Hydra throughout Hong Kong,[297] and opened on January 11, 2017.[300]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Hong Kong Disneyland and a new attraction where guests team up with Ant-Man and the Wasp, to join Iron Man Experience.[293][301] Inspired by Ant-Man and the Wasp,[302] Ant-Man and The Wasp: Nano Battle! is an enclosed interactive dark ride that sees guests use laser powered weapons to team up with Ant-Man and the Wasp to defeat Arnim Zola and his army of Hydra swarm bots.[302][303] Ant Man and the Wasp: Nano Battle! replaces the Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters ride,[302] and opened on March 31, 2019.[304]
Disney California Adventure
By San Diego Comic-Con 2016, the Tower of Terror at Disney California Adventure was set to be replaced by a new attraction, Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!. Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldaña, Dave Bautista and Benicio del Toro all filmed exclusive footage for the attraction, reprising their roles as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax and Taneleer Tivan / The Collector, respectively.[305][306] James Gunn, director of Guardians of the Galaxy and its sequel, directed footage for the attraction and consulted on all aspects of it.[307] Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! sees visitors assisting Rocket to rescue the other Guardians from the Collector's fortress, while the attraction features randomized events during the experience and music inspired by the Awesome Mix Vol. 1 soundtrack. The attraction opened on May 27, 2017.[292]
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Disney California Adventure, anchored by Mission: Breakout!, that will see characters from the MCU such as Iron Man and Spider-Man join the Guardians of the Galaxy in a "completely immersive superhero universe." The area will replace the "A Bug's Land" area, which closed in mid-2018 to start construction on the Marvel area.[293][301] Tom Holland will reprise his role as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the attraction Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure, in which Parker has set up W.E.B. (the Worldwide Engineers Brigade) to inspire a new generation to use technology to save the world. Riders are recruited by Spider-Man into the initiative to stop his malfunctioning Spider-Bots.[308]
Walt Disney Studios Park
In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Disneyland Paris' Walt Disney Studios Park. The area will include a reimagined attraction where riders will team up with Iron Man and other Avengers on a "hyper-kinetic adventure" in 2020. The park also hosted the "Summer of Super Heroes" live-action stage show from June–September 2018.[293][301]
Disney Wish
In July 2021, the immersive family dining experience "Avengers: Quantum Encounter" at the Worlds of Marvel restaurant on the Disney Wish cruise line was announced, which would debut when the cruise begins voyages on June 9, 2022.[309] The experience takes place during dinner with interactive elements and a full CGI recreation of the Wish's upper decks.[310] Paul Rudd, Evangeline Lilly, Anthony Mackie, Brie Larson, and Kerry Condon will reprise their MCU roles, while Ross Marquand will voice Ultron after previously doing so in What If...?, in which he replaced James Spader.[311]
Other live attractions
Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N.
In May 2014, the Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. (Scientific Training and Tactical Intelligence Operative Network) exhibit opened at the Discovery Times Square center. The exhibit features replica set pieces, as well as actual props from the films, mixed with interactive technology and information, crafted through a partnership with NASA and other scientists. Titus Welliver also provides a "debrief" to visitors, reprising his role as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Felix Blake. Created by Victory Hill Exhibits, Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. cost $7.5 million to create,[312][313] and ran through early September 2015.[314]
The exhibit also opened in South Korea at the War Memorial of Korea in April 2015,[315][316] in Paris, France, at Esplanade de La Défense a year later, and in Las Vegas at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino in June 2016.[316] The Las Vegas version of the exhibit featured updated character details and corresponding science to incorporate the Marvel films that have released since the original exhibit in New York. Additionally, the Las Vegas version features Cobie Smulders reprising her role as Maria Hill to "debrief" visitors, replacing Welliver.[317]
GOMA exhibit
An art exhibit, titled Marvel: Creating the Cinematic Universe, was displayed exclusively at the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art (GOMA) from May to September 2017. The exhibit, which included "300 plus objects, films, costumes, drawings and other ephemera", featured content "from the collection of Marvel Studios and Marvel Entertainment and private collections" with "significant focus [given] to the creative artists who translate the drawn narrative to the screen through production design and storyboarding, costume and prop design, and special effects and post-production". Marvel: Creating the Cinematic Universe was also extended to GOMA's Australian Cinémathèque with a retrospective of the MCU films.[318]
Avengers: Damage Control
In October 2019, Marvel Studios and ILMxLAB announced the virtual reality experience Avengers: Damage Control. The experience would be available for a limited time starting in mid-October 2019 at select Void VR locations. Avengers: Damage Control sees players taking control of one of Shuri's Emergency Response Suits–which combine Wakandan and Stark Industries technologies–to defeat a threat alongside Doctor Strange, Ant-Man, and the Wasp. Letitia Wright, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Rudd, and Evangeline Lilly all reprise their MCU roles,[319] while Ross Marquand voices Ultron, replacing James Spader.[320] The experience was extended to the end of 2019.[321]
Live-action television specials
Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe (2014)
On March 18, 2014, ABC aired a one-hour television special titled Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe, which documented the history of Marvel Studios and the development of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and included exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes footage from all of the films, One-Shots and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and sneak peeks of Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Guardians of the Galaxy, unaired episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.,[322] and Ant-Man.[323] Brian Lowry of Variety felt the special, "contains a pretty interesting business and creative story. While it might all make sense in hindsight, there was appreciable audacity in Marvel's plan to release five loosely connected movies from the same hero-filled world, beginning with the cinematically unproven Iron Man and culminating with superhero team The Avengers. As such, this fast-moving hour qualifies as more than just a cut-and-paste job from electronic press kits, although there's an element of that, certainly."[324] The special was released on September 9, 2014 on the home media for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 1.[325]
Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop! (2014)
In September 2014, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell stated that in order to meet production demands and avoid having to air repeat episodes, ABC would likely air a Marvel special in place of a regular installment at some point during the first ten episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s second season.[326] In October, the special was revealed to be Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop!, which was hosted by Emily VanCamp, who portrays Agent 13 in Captain America: The Winter Soldier, and aired on November 4, 2014.[327] The special features behind the scenes footage from Avengers: Age of Ultron and Ant-Man, as well as footage from the Agent Carter television series previously screened at New York Comic-Con.[328] Brian Lowry of Variety felt an hour for the special did not "do the topic justice" adding, "For anyone who has seen more than one Marvel movie but would shrug perplexedly at the mention of Jack Kirby or Steve Ditko, Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp To Pop! should probably be required viewing. Fun, fast-paced and encompassing many of the company's highlights along with a few lowlights, it's a solid primer on Marvel's history, while weaving in inevitable self-promotion and synergistic plugs."[329] Eric Goldman of IGN also wished the special had been longer, adding, "Understandably, the more you already know about Marvel, the less you'll be surprised by Marvel 75 Years: From Pulp to Pop!, but it's important to remember who this special is really made for – a mainstream audience who have embraced the Marvel characters, via the hugely successful movies, in a way no one could have imagined."[328]
Marvel Studios: Expanding the Universe (2019)
In November 2019, Disney+ announced that the streaming platform would include Expanding the Universe, a special that features a look at the original MCU TV series for Disney+, with interviews and concept art.[330]
Bilibili New Year's Gala (2020)
A Marvel-themed orchestra performance of an extended version of Brian Tyler's Marvel Studios theme and Alan Silvestri's theme from The Avengers took place during China's Bilibili New Year's Gala on December 31, 2020, to promote the 2021 Marvel Studios film releases.[331][332]
Marvel Studios' 2021 Disney+ Day Special (2021)
A special titled Marvel Studios' 2021 Disney+ Day Special, which looked at the future of the MCU on Disney+, was released on the service on November 12, 2021, as part of its "Disney+ Day" celebration.[333][334]
Documentary series
Marvel Studios: Legends (2021)
Announced in December 2020, this series examines individual heroes, villains, moments, and objects from the Marvel Cinematic Universe and how they connect, in anticipation of the upcoming stories that will feature them in Phase Four.[335][336] Marvel Studios: Legends premiered on Disney+ on January 8, 2021, with the release of the first two episodes.[335] Additional episodes were released ahead of a character and objects' appearances in Disney+ series and films.[335][337]
Marvel Studios: Assembled (2021)
Announced in February 2021, each special of the documentary series goes behind the scenes of the making of the MCU films and television series with cast members and additional creatives. Marvel Studios: Assembled premiered on Disney+ on March 12, 2021, with the release of the first special, followed by additional specials.[338]
Super Women of the MCU
In June 2021, Marvel Studios released a casting call for fans of "Marvel's strong women" to be a part of an upcoming Disney+ documentary series showcasing the women who create the MCU in front of and behind the camera.[339]
Guide books
In September 2015, Marvel announced the Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, named as a nod to the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe. Each guidebook is compiled by Mike O'Sullivan and the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe team, with cover art from Mike del Mundo and Pascal Campion, and features facts about the MCU films, film-to-comic comparisons, and production stills. Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Iron Man, Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Incredible Hulk / Marvel's Iron Man 2,[340] Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Thor,[341] and Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Captain America: The First Avenger[342] released each month from October 2015 to January 2016, respectively.
In November 2018, Marvel and Titan Publishing Group released Marvel Studios: The First Ten Years to celebrate the first ten years of the Marvel Cinematic Universe which featured cast interviews, in-depth sections on each film, and an Easter egg guide.[343] In October 2021, a two-volume book The Story of Marvel Studios: The Making of the Marvel Cinematic Universe was released, written by Tara Bennett and Paul Terry. This collection features a look at the evolution of Marvel Studios, personal stories from the 23-film "Infinity Saga", and interviews with cast and crew members.[344]
Video game tie-ins
| Title | U.S. release date | Publisher | Developer | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Man | May 2, 2008 | Sega [345][346][347] |
Secret Level[348] Artificial Mind and Movement[348] Hands-On Mobile[349] |
PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 PlayStation 2, Wii, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable Various mobile devices |
| The Incredible Hulk | June 5, 2008 | Edge of Reality[350][346] Amaze Entertainment[351] Hands-On Mobile[352] |
PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, Wii Nintendo DS Various mobile devices | |
| Iron Man 2 | May 4, 2010 | Sega Studios San Francisco[347] High Voltage Software[353] Griptonite Games[354] |
PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 Wii, PlayStation Portable Nintendo DS | |
| Gameloft[355][356] | iOS, BlackBerry | |||
| Thor: God of Thunder | May 3, 2011 | Sega[357][358] | Liquid Entertainment Red Fly Studio WayForward Technologies |
PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 Wii, Nintendo 3DS Nintendo DS |
| Captain America: Super Soldier | July 19, 2011 | Next Level Games High Voltage Software Graphite Games |
PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 Wii, Nintendo 3DS Nintendo DS | |
| The Avengers: The Mobile Game | May 2, 2012 | Gameloft[359][360][361][362] | iOS, Android, Blackberry | |
| Iron Man 3: The Official Game | April 25, 2013 | iOS, Android | ||
| Thor: The Dark World – The Official Game |
October 31, 2013 | |||
| Captain America: The Winter Soldier – The Official Game |
March 27, 2014 | iOS, Android, Windows Phone | ||
| Other games | ||||
| Lego Marvel's Avengers | January 26, 2016 March 10, 2016 |
Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment[363] Feral Interactive[364] |
TT Games | PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita macOS |
| Spider-Man: Homecoming – Virtual Reality Experience |
June 30, 2017 | Sony Pictures Virtual Reality[365][366] | CreateVR | PlayStation VR, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift |
| Spider-Man: Far From Home – Virtual Reality Experience |
June 25, 2019 | |||
A Mini Marvel
In February 2016, a commercial for Coca-Cola mini cans aired during Super Bowl 50. A Mini Marvel was created by Wieden+Kennedy for Coca-Cola through a partnership with Marvel, and was directed by the Russo brothers.[367][368] In the ad, Ant-Man (voiced by Paul Rudd, reprising his role) and the Hulk first fight, and then bond, over a Coke mini can.[367] Luma Pictures provided visual effects for the spot, having worked previously with the two characters in MCU films. For the Hulk, Luma redefined its previous muscular system and simulation process to create and render the character, while Ant-Man received new motion capture.[368] The Super Bowl campaign extended to "limited-edition Coke mini cans [six packs] that are emblazoned with images of Marvel characters, including Hulk, Ant-Man, Black Widow, [Falcon, Iron Man] and Captain America." Consumers had the opportunity to purchase the cans by finding hidden clues in the commercial, though "if the program goes well, Coke will consider making the cans available in stores."[367] The ad had the third most social media activity of all the film-related trailers that aired during the game,[369] and was nominated for Outstanding Visual Effects in a Commercial at the 15th Visual Effects Society Awards.[370]
Other short films
Team Thor series
Team Thor is a series of direct-to-video mockumentary short films that were released from 2016 to 2018, consisting of Team Thor, Team Thor: Part 2, and Team Darryl, all written and directed by Taika Waititi. The three short films are included as special features in the MCU films' Blu-ray and digital distribution releases. The first two films follow Thor as he moves in with a new roommate, Darryl Jacobson, during the events of Captain America: Civil War,[371][372] while Team Darryl sees Darryl move to Los Angeles and gain the Grandmaster as a roommate.[373]
The Good, the Bart, and the Loki
In June 2021, The Simpsons short film The Good, the Bart, and the Loki was announced, which released alongside "Journey into Mystery", the fifth episode of Loki on Disney+. The short sees Loki teaming up with Bart Simpson in a crossover that pays homage to the heroes and villains of the MCU. Hiddleston reprises his role as Loki in the short.[374]
See also
Notes
- ^ Loki and What If...? are excluded from the diagram because they occur outside of the main timeline.[92][93] Disney+'s timeline order places Loki and What If...? between Avengers: Endgame and WandaVision.[94][95]
- ^ The Incredible Hulk, Spider-Man: Homecoming, and Ant-Man and the Wasp are discussed in the Marvel Studios: The First 10 Years sourcebook, but their events are not included in the timeline.[144]
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External links
- Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki
- MCU timeline: How to watch all 23 Marvel movies in the perfect order
- Marvel Cinematic Universe on Marvel Database, a Marvel Comics wiki
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