ネバダ
ネバダ | |
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ネバダ州 | |
ニックネーム: シルバーステート(公式); セージブラシ州; バトルボーンステート | |
モットー: すべて私たちの国のために | |
国歌:「家はネバダを意味する」 | |
![]() ネバダが強調表示された米国の地図 | |
国 | アメリカ |
国家になる前 | ネバダ準州、ユタ準州、アリゾナ準州 |
連邦への加入 | 1864年10月31日(36日) |
資本 | カーソンシティ |
一番大きな都市 | ラスベガス |
最大の大都市圏および都市部 | ラスベガスバレー |
政府 | |
• 知事 | スティーブ・シソラック(D) |
• 副知事 | リサ・カノ・バークヘッド(D) |
立法府 | ネバダ州議会 |
• 参議院 | 上院 |
• 衆議院 | 組み立て |
司法 | ネバダ州最高裁判所 |
米国上院議員 | キャサリンコルテスマスト(D) ジャッキーローゼン(D) |
米国下院代表団 | 1:ダイナ・タイタス(D) 2:マーク・アモデイ(R) 3:スージー・リー(D) 4:スティーブン・ホースフォード(D)(リスト) |
領域 | |
• 合計 | 110,577 平方マイル(286,382 km 2) |
• 土地 | 109,781.18平方マイル(284,332 km 2) |
• 水 | 791平方マイル(2,048 km 2)0.72% |
エリアランク | 7日 |
寸法 | |
• 長さ | 492マイル(787 km) |
• 幅 | 322マイル(519 km) |
標高 | 5,500フィート(1,680 m) |
最高標高 | 13,147フィート(4,007.1 m) |
最低標高 | 481フィート(147 m) |
人口 (2020) | |
• 合計 | 3,104,614 |
•ランク | 32位 |
• 密度 | 26.8 /平方マイル(10.3 / km 2) |
•密度ランク | 42位 |
• 世帯収入の中央値 | 60,365ドル[4] |
•収入ランク | 24日 |
住民の呼称 | ネバダン |
言語 | |
• 公用語 | なし |
時間帯 | |
州のほとんど | UTC-08:00(太平洋) |
•夏(DST) | UTC-07:00(PDT) |
ウェストウェンドーバー | UTC-07:00(山) |
•夏(DST) | UTC-06:00(MDT) |
USPSの略語 | NV |
ISO3166コード | US-NV |
従来の略語 | Nev。 |
緯度 | 35°Nから42°N |
経度 | 114°2'W〜120°W |
Webサイト | www |
ネバダ州のシンボル | |
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生きている記章 | |
鳥 | ムジルリツグミ(Sialia currucoides) |
魚 | ラホンタンカットスロートトラウト(Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) |
花 | ヤマヨモギ(Artemisia tridentata) |
草 | インドのライスグラス |
虫 | ビビッドダンサーイトトンボ(Argia vivida) |
哺乳類 | 砂漠のオオツノヒツジ |
爬虫類 | サバクゴファーガメ(Gopherus agassizii) |
木 | ブリストルコーンパイン、アメリカヒトツバマツ(Pinus monophylla) |
無生物の記章 | |
色 | シルバー、ブルー |
化石 | 魚竜(ショニサウルスポピュラリス) |
ジェムストーン | ヴァージンバレーブラックファイアオパール |
ミネラル | 銀 |
岩 | 砂岩 |
土 | オロバーダシリーズ |
歌 | ホーム手段ネバダ |
他の | 要素:ネオン |
州のルートマーカー | |
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州の四半期 | |
![]() 2006年にリリース | |
アメリカ合衆国の州のシンボルのリスト |
ネバダ(/ nɪˈvædəˌnɪˈvɑːdə /、スペイン語:[ neˈβaða ] ) は、アメリカ合衆国の西部地域にある州です。 _ [5]北西はオレゴン、北東はアイダホ、西はカリフォルニア、南東はアリゾナ、東はユタと国境を接している。ネバダ州は7番目に広大で、32番目に人口が多い州です。、および米国の州の中で9番目に人口密度の低い州。ネバダ州の人々のほぼ4分の3は、州の4つの最大の統合都市のうちの3つを含む、ラスベガス-パラダイス大都市圏を含むクラーク郡に住んでいます[6] 。[7]ネバダ州の州都はカーソンシティであり、最大の都市はラスベガスです。
ネバダ州は、その歴史と経済にとって銀が重要であるため、正式には「銀の州」として知られています。南北戦争中に国家としての地位を獲得したことから、「バトルボーンステート」としても知られています(「バトルボーン」という言葉は州旗にも表示されます)。「SagebrushState」として、同じ名前の在来植物の場合; そして「賢者編国家」として。[8] この名前はスペイン語で「雪」を意味し、ネバダ州がシエラネバダ山脈とわずかに重なっていることを示しています。ただし、ネバダ州の残りの部分は主に砂漠と半乾燥地帯であり、その多くはグレートベースン内にあります。モハーベ砂漠、タホ湖とシエラネバダ山脈は西端にあります。州の土地の約86%は、民間および軍の両方の米国連邦政府のさまざまな管轄区域によって管理されています。[9]
パイユート族、ショショーニ族、ワショー族のアメリカインディアンは、現在のネバダに住んでいました。この地域を探検した最初のヨーロッパ人はスペイン人でした。スペインのシエラネバダ山脈と同様に冬に山を覆う雪のため、彼らはこの地域をネバダ(雪)と呼びました。この地域は、1821年にメキシコとして独立したニュースペイン副王朝のアルタカリフォルニアの領土の一部を形成しました。米国は、米墨戦争で勝利した後、1848年にこの地域を併合し、その一部として組み込まれました。1850年のユタ準州。1859年のコムストックロードは人口ブームを引き起こし、1861年にユタ準州西部からネバダ準州を創設するきっかけとなりました。ネバダ州は1864年10月31日に36番目の州となり、2つの州のうち2番目の州が連合に加わりました。内戦(最初はウェストバージニア州)。[10]
ネバダはそのリバータリアン法で定評があります。1940年、人口は11万人強で、ネバダ州は人口が圧倒的に少なく、次に人口が少ないワイオミング州の人口の半分未満でした。[11]しかし、合法化されたギャンブルと寛大な結婚と離婚の法律は、ネバダを20世紀の主要な観光地に変えました。[12] [13]ネバダ州は、売春が合法である唯一の米国の州ですが、最も人口の多い地域であるクラーク郡(ラスベガス)、ワショー郡では違法です。(リノ)とカーソンシティ(独立した都市として、どの郡の境界内にもありません)。観光産業は依然としてネバダ州の最大の雇用主であり[14]、鉱業は経済の実質的なセクターとして継続しています。ネバダ州は世界で4番目に大きな金の生産国です。[15]
語源
「ネバダ」という名前は、スペイン語の形容詞ネバダに由来しています [neˈβaða]、「雪に覆われた」または「雪が降る」を意味します。[16]州の名前はネバダ州に由来し、ネバダ州はシエラネバダ山脈にちなんで名付けられました。[17]
ネバダン人は2番目の音節を「リンゴ」の「a」(/ nɪˈvædə /)で発音しますが、州外の一部の人々は「手のひら」の「a 」( / nɪˈv ɑːdə /)。_ [18]後者の発音の質は、長さではなく、スペイン語の発音に近いと見なすことができます([æ]は前低に近い、[ɑ]は後低、 [a ]は前低)、スペイン語で中央 [ä]に引っ込められることがよくありますが)、それはネバダン人が使用する発音ではありません。州議会議員のハリー・モーテンソンはネバダ州の代替発音を認める法案を提案したが[19]、法案はほとんどの議員によって支持されておらず、投票も受けなかった。ネバダンの発音は州議会で使用されている発音です。かつて、州の公式観光組織であるTravelNevadaは、州の名前を「ネバダ」と名付け、地元で好まれる発音を示すブレーブを付けました[20]。これは2007年までナンバープレートのデザインとしても利用可能でした。[21]
歴史
1861年以前
フランシスコガルセスは、この地域で最初のヨーロッパ人でした。[22]ネバダは、ニュースペインの北西部領土にあるスペイン帝国の一部として併合された。行政上、ネバダの地域は、ニュースペイン副王立の州インターナスの司令官の一部でした。ネバダ州は、カリフォルニア州が分割された1804年にアルタカリフォルニア州(カリフォルニア州北部)の一部になりました。1821年にメキシコ独立戦争が勝利すると、アルタカリフォルニア州は人口の少ないメキシコの領土(州)になりました。ジェデダイア・スミスは1827年にラスベガスの谷に入り、ピーター・スケーン・オグデンは1828年にハンボルト川を旅しました。1847年にモルモンがデザレット州を創設したとき、彼らはグレートベースンとコロラド流域内のネバダ州全体を主張しました。彼らはまた、1851年に現在のネバダ州モルモン駅(現在のジェノヴァ)に最初の白い集落を設立しました。1855年6月、ウィリアムブリングハーストとユタ州からの29人のモルモン宣教師がラスベガスのダウンタウンのすぐ北東に到着し、建設しました。 150フィート四方のアドベ砦。谷に建てられた最初の恒久的な建造物で、1858年から1859年の冬までソルトレイクシティの管理下にありました。
米墨戦争とグアダルーペイダルゴ条約の結果、メキシコは1848年にアルタカリフォルニアを永久に失いました。米国が買収した新しい地域は、引き続き領土として管理されていました。メキシコ割譲地(1848年)とその後のカリフォルニアゴールドラッシュの一環として、この地域を移民トレイルが使用し、州の地域は最初にユタ準州の一部として発展し、次にネバダ準州(1861年3月2日、シエラネバダにちなんで名付けられました)として発展しました。 )。[23]
米国の主要な銀鉱床の鉱床が最初に発見されたのは、1859年 にネバダ州バージニアシティのコムストックロードでした。
ユタ準州からの分離
1861年3月2日、ネバダ準州はユタ準州から分離し、現在の名前を採用しました。これは、シエラネバダ山脈(スペイン語で「雪に覆われた山脈」)から短縮されたものです。1861年の南の境界線は、リンカーン郡とナイ郡のネバダ歴史標識57と58によって記念されています。
国家(1864)
1864年の大統領選挙の8日前に、ネバダ州は、州になるために議会が通常潜在的な州に必要とする最低60,000人の住民が不足しているにもかかわらず、組合で36番目の州になりました。[24](当時、ネバダ州の人口は10,000人強でした。)ナイ知事は、憲法を陸路および海路で送る以前の試みが10月24日までに失敗したことに不満を感じていたため、10月26日に全文が4,303.27ドルの費用で電信[25] [26] – 2020年の71,205.38ドルに相当する、1回の派遣でファイルに記録された最も費用のかかる電報。最後に、ワシントンからの返答は1864年10月31日に行われました。連合に」。州は10月31日の日付に急いで、11月8日のエイブラハムリンカーンの再選と議会での南北戦争後の共和党の支配を確保するのを助け ました[ 27 ]。しかし、結局のところ、リンカーンと共和党は手軽に選挙に勝ち、ネバダの助けを必要としませんでした。
ネバダ州は、連邦への加入後に国境を大幅に拡大した2つの州のうちの1つであり、もう1つは、プラット買収により1837年に追加の領土を取得したミズーリ州です。
1866年、ユタ準州西部の別の部分が州の東部のネバダ州に追加され、現在の東部の境界が設定されました。
ネバダ州は1867年1月18日、コロラド川の西にあるアリゾナ準州のパーユーテ郡の一部、つまり現在のネバダ州の37番目の平行線の南側のすべてを吸収したときに現在の南の境界を達成しました。移管はその地域での金の発見によって促され、当局はネバダが予想される人口ブームをよりよく監視できるだろうと考えました。このエリアには、現在のクラーク郡とラスベガスの大都市圏のほとんどが含まれています。
鉱業は長年ネバダの経済を形作った(ネバダの銀鉱山を参照)。マーク・トウェインが「西部放浪記」で説明されている期間にネバダに住んでいたとき、鉱業は投機と莫大な富の産業をもたらしました。19世紀後半、鉱業と人口の両方が一時的に減少しました。しかし、1900年のトノパーでの豊富な銀のストライキ、それに続くゴールドフィールドと流紋岩でのストライキは、ネバダ州とネバダ州の人口に2番目の鉱業ブームを引き起こしました。
ギャンブルと労働
規制されていないギャンブルは、ネバダ州の初期の鉱山町では当たり前のことでしたが、1909年に全国的なギャンブル反対運動の一環として非合法化されました。その後の大恐慌の間の鉱業生産量の減少と農業部門の減少のために、ネバダ州は議会の承認を得て、1931年3月19日に再びギャンブルを合法化しました。フレッドB.バルザー知事の署名は、国内で最もリベラルな離婚法とオープンギャンブルを制定しました。改革は、連邦政府がボルダーダム(現在のフーバーダム )の4900万ドルの建設契約を提示してからわずか8日後に行われました。[28]
核実験
ラスベガス市の北西65マイル(105 km)にあるネバダ核実験場は、核兵器の実験のために1951年1月11日に設立されました。このサイトは、約1,350平方マイル(3,500 km 2)の砂漠と山岳地帯で構成されています。ネバダ核実験場での核実験は、1951年1月27日に1キロトンのTNT(4.2 TJ)爆弾がフレンチマンフラットに投下されたところから始まりました。最後の大気実験は1962年7月17日に行われ、武器の地下実験は9月まで続けられました。 23、1992年。この場所は、米国で核爆発兵器が最も集中していることで知られています。
州の面積の80%以上が連邦政府によって所有されています。これの主な理由は、ネバダ州の砂漠全体に広がる乾燥した条件で実行できるほど大きなサイズの家屋が許可されなかったことです。代わりに、初期の入植者は水源を取り巻く土地を家畜化し、隣接する公有地で家畜を放牧しました。これは、水を利用できない農業には役に立たないものです(この牧場のパターンは依然として普及しています)。
地理
ネバダ州はほぼ完全にベイスンアンドレンジ州内にあり、南北の多くの山脈に分かれています。これらの山脈のほとんどは、それらの間に内陸流域の谷があります。
州北部の多くはグレートベースン内にあり、夏は暑く、冬は寒い穏やかな砂漠です。時折、アリゾナモンスーンからの湿気が夏の雷雨を引き起こすでしょう。太平洋の嵐がその地域を雪で覆う可能性があります。1994年6月29日のラフリン(標高605フィートまたは184メートル)での州の最高記録温度は125°F(52°C)でした。 [29]記録された最低気温は-52 °F(-47 °C)でした。 1972年に州の北東部のサンジャシントで。[29]
フンボルト川は州の北部を東から西に横断し、ラブロック近くのフンボルトシンクに流れ込みます。ウォーカー川、トラッキー川、カーソン川など、いくつかの川がシエラネバダ山脈から東に流れています。これらの川はすべて内陸流域であり、それぞれウォーカー湖、ピラミッド湖、カーソンシンクで終わります。ただし、ネバダ州のすべてがグレートベースン内にあるわけではありません。スネーク川の支流ははるか北を流れ、コロラド川はまた、アリゾナは、ネバダ州南部の大部分を排水します。
山脈の中には13,000フィート(4,000 m)を超える山があり、砂漠の平野の上に緑豊かな森があり、固有種の空の島を作り出しています。谷の標高は3,000フィート(910 m)を下回らないことがよくありますが、ネバダ州中央部の谷の中には6,000フィート(1,800 m)を超えるものもあります。
ラスベガス地域が位置する州の南3分の1は、モハーベ砂漠内にあります。この地域は冬は雨が少なくなりますが、夏はアリゾナモンスーンに近くなります。地形も低く、ほとんどが4,000フィート(1,200 m)未満であり、暑い夏の日と涼しい冬の夜の条件を作り出します。
ネバダ州とカリフォルニア州は、州の境界として400マイル(640 km)をわずかに超える距離で、(基本方位に関して)はるかに長い対角線を持っています。この路線は、タホ湖の沖合(境界の方向)約4マイル(6.4 km)で始まり、ネバダ、カリフォルニア、アリゾナの境界がラフリン橋の南西12マイル(19 km)で合流するコロラド川まで続きます。 。
州南部で最大の山脈は、ラスベガスのすぐ西にあるスプリング山脈です。州の最低地点は、ラフリンの南にあるコロラド川沿いです。
ネバダ州には172の山頂があり、2,000フィート(610 m)の隆起があります。ネバダ州は、アラスカに次いで、カリフォルニア、モンタナ、ワシントンに先んじて、山の数で米国で2番目にランクされています。[30]
気候
ネバダ州は米国で最も乾燥した州です。[31]それは主に砂漠と半乾燥気候地域で構成されており、ラスベガスバレーを除いて、州の多くで夏の平均気温日変化範囲は40°F(22°C)に近づいています。ネバダ州北部の冬は長く、かなり寒いですが、州南部の冬季は短期間で穏やかな傾向があります。ネバダ州のほとんどの地域では、年間を通じて降水量がほとんどありません。州に降る雨のほとんどは、シエラネバダ山脈の東と北東の斜面に降ります。
年間平均年間降水量は約7インチ(180mm)です。最も湿った部品は約40インチ(1,000 mm)になります。ネバダの最高記録温度は1994年6月29日のラフリンで125°F(52°C)であり、最低記録温度は1937年1月8日のサンジャシントで-50°F(-46°C)です。ネバダの125°F (52°C)の測定値は、米国の州で3番目に高い州全体の最高気温であり、アリゾナ州の128°F(53°C)の測定値とカリフォルニア州の134°F(57°C)の測定値に次ぐものです。
位置 | 7月(°F) | 7月(°C) | 12月(°F) | 12月(°C) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
マックス | 最小 | マックス | 最小 | マックス | 最小 | マックス | 最小 | |
ラスベガス | 106 | 81 | 41 | 27 | 56 | 38 | 13 | 3 |
リノ | 92 | 57 | 33 | 14 | 45 | 25 | 7 | –4 |
カーソンシティ | 89 | 52 | 32 | 11 | 45 | 22 | 7 | –5 |
エルコ | 90 | 50 | 32 | 10 | 37 | 14 | 2 | –9 |
降りかかります | 92 | 54 | 33 | 12 | 45 | 19 | 7 | -7 |
ウィネマッカ | 93 | 52 | 34 | 11 | 41 | 17 | 5 | –8 |
ラフリン | 112 | 80 | 44 | 27 | 65 | 43 | 18 | 6 |
動植物
ネバダ州の植生は多様で、州の地域によって異なります。ネバダ州には、高山、亜高山、ポンデローサマツ、ピニオンジュニパー、セージブラシ、クレオソテブッシュの6つの生物ゾーンがあります。[33]
郡
ネバダ州は、郡として指定された政治的管轄区域に分割されています。カーソンシティは正式に統合された自治体であり、市と郡の両方として合法的に機能します。1919年の時点で、州には146から18,159平方マイル(380から47,030 km 2)の範囲の17の郡がありました。
1861年に形成された最初の9つの郡の1つであるレイク郡は、1862年にループ郡に改名されました。郡の一部は1864年にカリフォルニア州ラッセン郡になり、国境の不確実性を解決しました。1883年、ワショー郡はネバダ州に残った部分を併合しました。[34]
1969年に、オームズビー郡は解散し、カーソンシティの統合自治体は、オームズビー郡の古い境界と隣接する場所に州議会によって設立されました。
ブルフロッグ郡は1987年にナイ郡の一部から形成されました。創造物が違憲であると宣言された後、郡は1989年に廃止された。[34]
フンボルト郡は、1856年にユタ準州議会によって郡に指定され、1861年に新しいネバダ州議会によって再び指定されました。
クラーク郡はネバダ州で最も人口の多い郡であり、住民の4分の3近くを占めています。ネバダ州で最も人口の多い都市であるラスベガスは、1909年にネバダ州リンカーン郡の一部から郡が設立されて以来、郡の議席となっています。それ以前は、アリゾナ準州の一部でした。クラーク郡は多くの観光客を魅了しています。2014年には推定4400万人がクラーク郡を訪れました。[35]
ワショー郡はネバダ州で2番目に人口の多い郡です。その郡の議席はリノです。ワショー郡には、リノスパークスメトロポリタンエリアが含まれます。
リヨン郡は3番目に人口の多い郡です。それは1861年に作成された9つの元の郡の1つでした。南北戦争で殺された最初の北軍将軍であるナサニエル・ライアンにちなんで名付けられました。現在の郡庁所在地はヤーリントンである。その最初の郡庁所在地は1861年11月29日にデイトンに設立された。[36]
郡名 | 郡庁所在地 | 設立年 | 2010年の人口[37] | 全体のパーセント | エリア(mi 2) | 全体のパーセント | 人口密度(/ mi 2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
カーソンシティ | カーソンシティ | 1861年 | 55,274 | 2.63% | 146 | 0.13% | 378.59 |
チャーチル | 降りかかります | 1861年 | 24,877 | 0.92% | 5,023 | 4.54% | 4.95 |
クラーク | ラスベガス | 1908年 | 1,951,269 | 72.25% | 8,091 | 7.32% | 241.17 |
ダグラス | ミンデン | 1861年 | 46,997 | 1.74% | 738 | 0.67% | 63.68 |
エルコ | エルコ | 1869年 | 48,818 | 1.81% | 17,203 | 15.56% | 2.84 |
エスメラルダ | ゴールドフィールド | 1861年 | 783 | 0.03% | 3,589 | 3.25% | 0.22 |
ユーレカ | ユーレカ | 1869年 | 1,987 | 0.07% | 4,180 | 3.78% | 0.48 |
フンボルト | ウィネマッカ | 1856/1861 | 16,528 | 0.61% | 9,658 | 8.74% | 1.71 |
ランダー | バトルマウンテン | 1861年 | 5,775 | 0.21% | 5,519 | 4.99% | 1.05 |
リンカーン | ピオッシュ | 1867年 | 5,345 | 0.20% | 10,637 | 9.62% | 0.50 |
リヨン | ヤーリントン | 1861年 | 51,980 | 1.92% | 2,016 | 1.82% | 25.78 |
ミネラル | ホーソーン | 1911年 | 4,772 | 0.18% | 3,813 | 3.45% | 1.25 |
ナイ | トノパー | 1864 | 43,946 | 1.63% | 18,159 | 16.43% | 2.42 |
パーシング | ラブロック | 1919年 | 6,753 | 0.25% | 6,068 | 5.49% | 1.11 |
階 | バージニアシティ | 1861年 | 4,010 | 0.15% | 264 | 0.24% | 15.19 |
ワショー | リノ | 1861年 | 421,407 | 15.60% | 6,551 | 5.93% | 64.32 |
ホワイトパイン | イーリー | 1869年 | 10,030 | 0.37% | 8,897 | 8.05% | 1.12 |
合計 | 郡:17 | 2,700,551 | 110,552 | 24.43 |
和解
ランク | 名前 | 郡 | ポップ。 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() ラスベガスヘンダーソン ![]() |
1 | ラスベガス | クラーク | 644,644 | ![]() リノノースラスベガス ![]() | ||||
2 | ヘンダーソン | クラーク | 310,390 | ||||||
3 | リノ | ワショー | 250,998 | ||||||
4 | ノースラスベガス | クラーク | 245,949 | ||||||
5 | パラダイス | クラーク | 240,000 | ||||||
6 | スプリングバレー | クラーク | 220,000 | ||||||
7 | サンライズマナー | クラーク | 200,000 | ||||||
8 | 企業 | クラーク | 180,000 | ||||||
9 | スパークス | ワショー | 104,246 | ||||||
10 | カーソンシティ | カーソンシティ | 55,414 |
公園やレクリエーションエリア
連邦政府によって維持されているレクリエーションエリア
ネバダ州北部
ネバダ州南部
- アッシュメドウズ国立野生生物保護区
- ブートレッグキャニオンマウンテンバイクパーク
- トイヤベ国有林
- インヨ国有林
- チャールストン山とチャールストン山の荒野
- スプリングマウンテンズとスプリングマウンテンズ国立保養地
- ミード湖国立保養地
- デスバレー国立公園
荒野
ネバダ州には68の指定された荒野があり、国立公園局、米国森林局、土地管理局の管轄下にある約6,579,014エーカー(2,662,433ヘクタール)を保護しています。[39]
州立公園
ネバダ州立公園は、州立公園、州立史跡、州立レクリエーションエリアなど、ネバダ州が管理する保護地域で構成されています。2011年7月にオープンし、カリフォルニア州と提携して運営されているヴァンシックルバイステートパークを含む24の州立公園ユニットがあります。[40]
人口統計
人口
歴史的人口 | |||
---|---|---|---|
国勢調査 | ポップ。 | %± | |
1860年 | 6,857 | — | |
1870年 | 42,941 | 526.2% | |
1880年 | 62,266 | 45.0% | |
1890年 | 47,355 | −23.9% | |
1900年 | 42,335 | -10.6% | |
1910年 | 81,875 | 93.4% | |
1920年 | 77,407 | −5.5% | |
1930年 | 91,058 | 17.6% | |
1940年 | 110,247 | 21.1% | |
1950年 | 160,083 | 45.2% | |
1960年 | 285,278 | 78.2% | |
1970年 | 488,738 | 71.3% | |
1980年 | 800,493 | 63.8% | |
1990年 | 1,201,833 | 50.1% | |
2000 | 1,998,257 | 66.3% | |
2010年 | 2,700,551 | 35.1% | |
2020 | 3,104,614 | 15.0% | |
出典:1910–2020 [41] |
米国国勢調査局は、 2020年の米国国勢調査でネバダ州の人口は3,104,614人であると判断しました。2019年のネバダ州の推定人口は3,080,156人で、2018年の米国国勢調査の推定値から45,764人(1.51%)増加し、2010年の米国国勢調査から379,605人(14.06%)増加しました。[42]ネバダ州は、2017年から2018年にかけて人口の増加率が最も高かった。2010年の国勢調査では、州の人口の6.9%が5歳未満、24.6%が18歳未満、12.0%が65歳以上であると報告された。女性は人口の約49.5%を占めています。
2010年の国勢調査以降、ネバダ州の人口は自然に87,581人増加しました(222,508人の出生と134,927人の死亡の正味の差)。146,626の純移住による増加(うち104,032は国内移住によるもので、42,594は国際移住によるものでした)。[43]
ネバダ州の人口の中心はナイ郡南部にあります。[44]この郡では、カリフォルニア州の州境にあるラスベガスの西60マイル(97 km)にある、法人化されていない町パーランプが1980年から2010年にかけて急速に成長した。2010年の国勢調査では、町には36,441人の住民がいた。[45]ラスベガスは、1900年の100人の峡谷から、1950年までに10,000人、1970年までに100,000人に成長し、1960年から2000年までアメリカで最も急速に成長した都市および大都市圏でした。
1940年代頃から2003年まで、ネバダ州は米国で最も急速に成長している州でした。1990年から2000年の間に、ネバダ州の人口は66%増加しましたが、国の人口は13%増加しました。人口の3分の2以上が、ラスベガスの大都市圏と同じ広さのクラーク郡に住んでいます。したがって、人口の面では、ネバダ州は国内で最も中央集権化された州の1つです。
ヘンダーソンとノースラスベガスは、人口が10万人を超える米国の急成長都市トップ20の1つです。ラスベガスの北東65マイル(105 km)にあるメスキートの農村コミュニティは、1990年代と2000年代の小都市成長の例でした。ラスベガス郊外の インディアンスプリングスやサーチライトのような他の砂漠の町も、いくらかの成長を見てきました。
1950年以来、ネバダ州で生まれた人口の割合は、すべての州の中で最も低い割合である27%を超えてピークに達することはありません。2012年には、ネバダ州で生まれたのはネバダ州の25%にすぎません。[46]
人種と民族[47] | 1人 | 合計 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
白(非ヒスパニック) | 45.9% | 50.6% | ||
ヒスパニックまたはラテンアメリカ人[b] | — | 28.7% | ||
アフリカ系アメリカ人(非ヒスパニック系) | 9.4% | 11.1% | ||
アジア人 | 8.6% | 10.7% | ||
ネイティブアメリカン | 0.8% | 2.1% | ||
太平洋諸島民 | 0.7% | 1.5% | ||
他の | 0.6% | 1.4% |
2017 American Community Surveyによると、ネバダの人口の28.2%がヒスパニックまたはラテン系(あらゆる人種)でした:メキシコ(21.4%)、プエルトリコ(0.9%)、キューバ(1.0%)、およびその他のヒスパニックまたはラテン系(4.8%)。[48] 5つの最大の非ヒスパニック系白人の祖先グループは、ドイツ人(11.3%)、アイルランド人(9.0%)、英語(6.9%)、イタリア人(5.8%)、およびアメリカ人(4.7%)でした。[48]
1980年には、非ヒスパニック系白人が州の人口の83.3%を占めていました。[49]
人種構成 | 1970 [49] | 1990 [49] | 2000 [50] | 2010 [51] |
---|---|---|---|---|
白い | 86.7% | 78.7% | 65.2% | 66.2% |
黒 | 5.7% | 6.6% | 6.8% | 8.1% |
アジア人 | 0.7% | 3.2% | 4.5% | 7.2% |
ネイティブ | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% |
その他の人種 | 0.3% | 4.4% | 8.0% | 12.0% |
2つ以上のレース | – | – | 3.8% | 4.7% |
ヒスパニックまたはラテンアメリカ人(あらゆる人種の) | 5.6% | 10.4% | 19.7% | 26.5% |
2011年の時点で、1歳未満のネバダ州の人口の63.6% はマイノリティでした。[52]ラスベガスはマジョリティ-マイノリティの都市です。米国国勢調査局の推定によると、2018年7月1日の時点で、非ヒスパニック系白人はネバダ州の人口の48.7%を占めています。[53]
ダグラス、ミネラル、パーシングの各郡では、複数の居住者がメキシコ人の祖先です。ナイ郡とフンボルト郡では、居住者は主にドイツ人の祖先です。ワショー郡には多くのアイルランド系アメリカ人がいます。イギリス系アメリカ人は、リンカーン郡、チャーチル郡、リヨン郡、ホワイトパイン郡、およびユーレカ郡で複数を形成します。
1850年代のカリフォルニアゴールドラッシュが何千人もの中国人鉱山労働者をワショー郡に連れてきて以来、アジア系アメリカ人はこの州に住んでいました。19世紀後半には数百人の日本人農民が続いた。20世紀後半までに、中国、日本、韓国、フィリピン、バングラデシュ、インド、ベトナムからの多くの移民がラスベガスの首都圏にやって来ました。この都市には現在、アメリカで最も繁栄しているアジア系アメリカ人のコミュニティの1つがあり、スプリングマウンテンロードのI-15の西にある「チャイナタウン」として知られる中国と台湾の地域がほとんどです。フィリピン系アメリカ人113,000人以上の人口を持つ州で最大のアジア系アメリカ人グループを形成します。それらはネバダ州のアジア系アメリカ人人口の56.5%を構成し、州全体の人口の約4.3%を構成します。[54]
鉱業ブームは多くのギリシャと東ヨーロッパの移民をネバダに引き寄せました。[55] 20世紀初頭、ギリシャ人、スラブ人、デンマーク人、日本人、イタリア人、バスク人がネバダに流れ込んだ。[56]
ネバダ州のネイティブアメリカンの部族は、パイユート族の北部と南部、ショショーニ族の西部、ゴシュテ族、ワラパイ族、ワシュー族、ユト族です。[57]
ネバダ州の移民の出身国の上位は、メキシコ(移民の39.5%)、フィリピン(14.3%)、エルサルバドール(5.2%)、中国(3.1%)、キューバ(3%)でした。[58]
- 出生データ
注:ヒスパニックは民族と人種の両方でカウントされ、全体の数が多いため、表内の出生数は合計されません。
人種 | 2013 [59] | 2014 [60] | 2015 [61] | 2016 [62] | 2017 [63] | 2018 [64] | 2019 [65] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
白い | 27,293(77.9%) | 27,638(77.1%) | 27,648(76.2%) | ..。 | ..。 | ..。 | ..。 |
非ヒスパニック系白人 | 14,951(42.7%) | 15,151(42.2%) | 14,937(41.2%) | 13,918(38.4%) | 13,171(36.8%) | 13,021(36.5%) | 12,479(35.6%) |
黒 | 4,215(12.0%) | 4,603(12.8%) | 4,803(13.2%) | 4,205(11.6%) | 4,471(12.5%) | 4,564(12.8%) | 4,514(12.9%) |
アジア人 | 3,097(8.8%) | 3,145(8.8%) | 3,337(9.2%) | 2,666(7.3%) | 2,685(7.5%) | 2,613(7.3%) | 2,587(7.4%) |
太平洋諸島民 | ..。 | ..。 | ..。 | 308(0.8%) | 322(0.9%) | 340(1.0%) | 372(1.1%) |
アメリカンインディアン | 425(1.2%) | 475(1.3%) | 510(1.4%) | 303(0.8%) | 305(0.9%) | 280(0.8%) | 277(0.8%) |
ヒスパニック(あらゆる人種の) | 12,718(36.3%) | 13,006(36.3%) | 13,225(36.4%) | 13,391(36.9%) | 13,176(36.8%) | 13,307(37.3%) | 13,238(37.7%) |
ネバダ州全体 | 35,030(100%) | 35,861(100%) | 36,298(100%) | 36,260(100%) | 35,756(100%) | 35,682(100%) | 35,072(100%) |
- 2016年以降、白人ヒスパニック系の出生に関するデータは収集されていませんが、1つのヒスパニックグループに含まれています。ヒスパニック系の人はどんな人種でもかまいません。
ネバダ州の人口のごく一部が地方に住んでいます。これらの場所の文化は、主要な大都市圏とは大きく異なります。これらの地方の郡の人々は、人口の大部分が別の州で生まれたラスベガスやリノ地域とは異なり、ネバダ州の先住民である傾向があります。農村部の人口も人種や民族の点でそれほど多様ではありません。鉱業は地方の郡の経済において重要な役割を果たしており、観光業はそれほど目立たない。[66]牧場は、ネバダ州の田舎でも長い伝統があります。[67]
一人当たりの収入による場所
ランク | 場所 | 一人当たりの収入 | 郡 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | インクラインビレッジ–クリスタルベイ | 52,521ドル | ワショー | |
2 | キングズベリー | 41,421ドル | ダグラス | |
3 | チャールストン山 | 38,821ドル | クラーク | |
4 | Verdi–Mogul | $38,233 | Washoe | |
5 | Zephyr Cove–Round Hill Village | $37,218 | Douglas | |
6 | Summerlin South | $33,017 | Clark | |
7 | Blue Diamond | $30,479 | Clark | |
8 | Minden | $30,405 | Douglas | |
9 | Boulder City | $29,770 | Clark | |
10 | Spanish Springs | $26,908 | Washoe | |
Religion
Church attendance in Nevada is among the lowest of all U.S. states. In a 2009 Gallup poll only 30% of Nevadans said they attended church weekly or almost weekly, compared to 42% of all Americans (only four states were found to have a lower attendance rate than Nevada's).[69]
Major religious affiliations of the people of Nevada are: Protestant 35%, Irreligious 28%, Roman Catholic 25%, Latter-day Saints 4%, Jewish 2%, Hindu less than 1%, Buddhist 0.5% and Muslim less than 0.1%. Parts of Nevada (in the eastern parts of the state) are situated in the Mormon Corridor.
The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the Roman Catholic Church with 451,070; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 175,149; and the Southern Baptist Convention with 45,535; Buddhist congregations 14,727; Baháʼí Faith 1,723; and Muslim 1,700.[70] The Jewish community is represented by The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute and Chabad.[71][72] According to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6.2% of Nevadans are adherents, making it the sixth highest percentage stage in the Union.[73]
Economy

The economy of Nevada is tied to tourism (especially entertainment and gambling related), mining, and cattle ranching. Nevada's industrial outputs are tourism, entertainment, mining, machinery, printing and publishing, food processing, and electric equipment. The Bureau of Economic Analysis[75][76] estimates Nevada's total state product in 2018 was $170 billion.[77] The state's per capita personal income in 2020 was $53,635, ranking 31st in the nation.[78] Nevada's state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $7.5 billion, or $3,100 per taxpayer.[79] As of May 2021, the state's unemployment rate was 7.8%.[80]
Mining
In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas mining plays a major economic role. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2004, 6,800,000 ounces (190,000,000 g) of gold worth $2.84 billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 8.7% of world gold production. Silver is a distant second, with 10,300,000 ounces (290,000,000 g) worth $69 million mined in 2004.[81] Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diatomite and lithium. Despite its rich deposits, the cost of mining in Nevada is generally high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices.
Cattle ranching
Cattle ranching is a major economic activity in rural Nevada. Nevada's agricultural outputs are cattle, hay, alfalfa, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. As of January 1, 2006, there were an estimated 500,000 head of cattle and 70,000 head of sheep in Nevada.[82] Most of these animals forage on rangeland in the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Calves are generally shipped to out-of-state feedlots in the fall to be fattened for the market. Over 90% of Nevada's 484,000 acres (196,000 ha) of cropland is used to grow hay, mostly alfalfa, for livestock feed. This livestock is usually used for food.
Largest employers
The largest employers in the state, as of the first fiscal quarter of 2011, are the following, according to the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation:[83]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Amtrak's California Zephyr train uses the Union Pacific's original transcontinental railroad line in daily service from Chicago to Emeryville, California, serving Elko, Winnemucca, and Reno. Las Vegas has had no passenger train service since Amtrak's Desert Wind was discontinued in 1997. Amtrak Thruway Motorcoaches provide connecting service from Las Vegas to trains at Needles, California, Los Angeles, and Bakersfield, California; and from Stateline, Nevada, to Sacramento, California. There have been a number of proposals to re-introduce service to either Los Angeles or Southern California.
The Union Pacific Railroad has some railroads in the north and south of Nevada. Greyhound Lines provide some bus service to the state.
Interstate 15 (I-15) passes through the southern tip of the state, serving Las Vegas and other communities. I-215 and I-515 also serve the Las Vegas metropolitan area. I-80 crosses through the northern part of Nevada, roughly following the path of the Humboldt River from Utah in the east and the Truckee River westward through Reno into California. It has a spur route, I-580. Nevada also is served by several U.S. highways: US 6, US 50, US 93, US 95 and US 395. There are also 189 Nevada state routes. Many of Nevada's counties have a system of county routes as well, though many are not signed or paved in rural areas. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S. that do not have a continuous interstate highway linking its two major population centers – the road connection between the Las Vegas and Reno areas is a combination of several different Interstate and U.S. highways. The Interstate 11 proposed routing may eventually remedy this.
The state is one of just a few in the country to allow semi-trailer trucks with three trailers – what might be called a "road train" in Australia. But American versions are usually smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some fairly steep mountain passes.
RTC Transit is the public transit system in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The agency is the largest transit agency in the state and operates a network of bus service across the Las Vegas Valley, including the use of The Deuce, double-decker buses, on the Las Vegas Strip and several outlying routes. RTC RIDE operates a system of local transit bus service throughout the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Other transit systems in the state include Carson City's JAC. Most other counties in the state do not have public transportation at all.
Additionally, a 4-mile (6.4 km) monorail system provides public transportation in the Las Vegas area. The Las Vegas Monorail line services several casino properties and the Las Vegas Convention Center on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, running near Paradise Road, with a possible future extension to Harry Reid International Airport. Several hotels also run their own monorail lines between each other, which are typically several blocks in length.
Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas is the busiest airport serving Nevada. The Reno-Tahoe International Airport (formerly known as the Reno Cannon International Airport) is the other major airport in the state.
Energy
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Nevada has had a thriving solar energy sector. An independent study in 2013 concluded that solar users created a $36 million net benefit. However, in December 2015, the Public Utility Commission let the state's only power company, NV Energy, charge higher rates and fees to solar panel users, leading to an immediate collapse of rooftop solar panel use.[84]
In December 1987, Congress amended the Nuclear Waste Policy Act to designate Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository as the only site to be characterized as a permanent repository for all of the nation's highly radioactive waste.[85]
Affordable housing
Over the last six years, the National Low Income Housing Coalition calculates the discrepancy between available affordable housing units and renters who earn below the poverty line. In Nevada, only 15 affordable rental homes are available per 100 extremely low income (ELI) households.[86] The shortage extends to a deficit in supply of 71,358 affordable rental homes. This is the largest discrepancy of any state. The most notable catalyst for this shortage is The Great Recession and Housing Crisis of 2007 and 2008. Since then, housing prices have increased while demand has increased, and supply has struggled to match the increase in demand. In addition to this, low-income service workers are slowly being pushed out by an influx of tech professionals. In Nevada there is essentially a standard of six-figure income to affordably rent a single-family home.[87] Considering the average salary in Nevada, $54,842 per year, this standard is on average, unaffordable.[88] The disproportionate cost of housing compared to average salary has led to 112,872 renters to be paying more than half of their yearly income towards housing.[89]
The definition of an affordable home is “one that a household can obtain for 30 percent or less of its annual income”. So, there is clearly a long way to go in order to close the gap between housing prices and relative income in the state. Renters are looking for solutions to still be able to live in the state in a way that their income can support. As a result, single adults are being forced to split rent with other renters or move residences to farther outside metro areas. One solution being offered is to increase the supply of higher income positions within the state to make things more affordable. However, this would require Nevadans to retrain in new jobs or careers.
Education
Education in Nevada is achieved through public and private elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as colleges and universities.
A May 2015 educational reform law expanded school choice options to 450,000 Nevada students who are at up to 185% of the federal poverty level. Education savings accounts (ESAs) are enabled by the new law to help pay the tuition for private schools. Alternatively, families "can use funds in these accounts to also pay for textbooks and tutoring".[90][91]
Approximately 86.9% of Nevada residents have attained at least a high school degree or equivalent, which is below the national average of 88.6%.[92]
Public school districts
Public school districts in Nevada include:
- Carson City School District
- Churchill County School District
- Clark County School District, the fifth largest school district in the United States
- Douglas County School District
- Elko County School District
- Esmeralda County School District
- Eureka County School District
- Humboldt County School District
- Lander County School District
- Lincoln County School District
- Lyon County School District
- Mineral County School District
- Nye County School District
- Pershing County School District
- Storey County School District
- Washoe County School District
- White Pine County School District
Colleges and universities
Research institutes
The Nevada Aerospace Hall of Fame provides educational resources and promotes the aerospace and aviation history of the state.[93]
Law and government
Government
Under the Constitution of the State of Nevada, the powers of the Nevada government are divided among three separate departments: the executive consisting of the governor of Nevada and their cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the legislative consisting of the Nevada Legislature, which includes the Assembly and the Senate; and the judicial consisting of the Supreme Court of Nevada and lower courts.
The governor is the chief magistrate of Nevada,[94] the head of the executive department of the state's government,[94] and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[95] The current governor is Steve Sisolak, a Democrat.
The Nevada Legislature is a bicameral body divided into an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two years, and members of the Senate serve four years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature will be impacted by term limits starting in 2010, as senators and assemblymen/women will be limited to a maximum of twelve years in each house (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit) – a provision of the constitution which was recently upheld by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision. Each session of the legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the governor calls a special session.
On December 18, 2018, Nevada became the first in the United States with a female majority in its legislature. Women hold nine of the 21 seats in the Nevada Senate, and 23 of the 42 seats in the Nevada Assembly.[96]
The Supreme Court of Nevada is the state supreme court and the head of the Nevada Judiciary. Original jurisdiction is divided between the district courts (with general jurisdiction), and justice courts and municipal courts (both of limited jurisdiction). Appeals from District Courts are made directly to the Nevada Supreme Court, which under a deflective model of jurisdiction, has the discretion to send cases to the Court of Appeals for final resolution.[97]
Incorporated towns in Nevada, known as cities, are given the authority to legislate anything not prohibited by law. A recent movement has begun to permit home rule to incorporate Nevada cities to give them more flexibility and fewer restrictions from the Legislature. Town Boards for unincorporated towns are limited local governments created by either the local county commission, or by referendum, and form a purely advisory role and in no way diminish the responsibilities of the county commission that creates them.
State agencies
- Attorney General
- Department of Business & Industry
- Department of Conservation & Natural Resources
- Consumer Health Assistance
- Controller's Office
- Department of Corrections
- Nevada Department of Cultural Affairs
- Nevada Commission on Economic Development
- Department of Education
- Nevada Secretary of State, Election Division
- Department of Employment, Training & Rehabilitation
- Gaming Control Board
- Governor's Office
- Nevada Film Office
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Department of Information Technology
- Department of Justice
- Lieutenant Governor
- Nevada Military Department
- Division of Minerals, Commission on Mineral Resources
- Department of Motor Vehicles
- Department of Personnel
- Advisory Council for Prosecuting Attorneys
- Public Employees Benefit Program
- Public Employees Retirement System
- Department of Public Safety
- Nevada Public Utilities Commission
- Department of Secretary of State
- Department of Taxation
- Commission on Tourism
- Department of Transportation
- Nevada State Treasurer
- Universities and Community Colleges of Nevada
- Nevada Office of Veterans' Services
- Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education
- Nevada Department of Wildlife
Law
In 1900, Nevada's population was the smallest of all states and was shrinking, as the difficulties of living in a "barren desert" began to outweigh the lure of silver for many early settlers. Historian Lawrence Friedman has explained what happened next:
Nevada, in a burst of ingenuity, built an economy by exploiting its sovereignty. Its strategy was to legalize all sorts of things that were illegal in California ... after the easy divorce came easy marriage and casino gaming. Even prostitution is legal in Nevada, in any county that decides to allow it. Quite a few of them do.[98]
With the advent of air conditioning for summertime use and Southern Nevada's mild winters, the fortunes of the state began to turn around, as it did for Arizona, making these two states the fastest growing in the Union.
Prostitution
Nevada is the only state where prostitution is legal – in a licensed brothel in a county which has specifically voted to permit it. It is illegal in larger jurisdictions such as Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), Washoe County (which contains Reno), and the independent city of Carson City.
Divorce
Nevada's early reputation as a "divorce haven" arose from the fact that before the no-fault divorce revolution in the 1970s, divorces were difficult to obtain in the United States. Already having legalized gambling and prostitution, Nevada continued the trend of boosting its profile by adopting one of the most liberal divorce statutes in the nation. This resulted in Williams v. North Carolina (1942), 317 U.S. 287 (1942), in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled North Carolina had to give "full faith and credit" to a Nevada divorce. The Court modified its decision in Williams v. North Carolina (1945), 325 U.S. 226 (1945), by holding a state need not recognize a Nevada divorce unless one of the parties was domiciled there at the time the divorce was granted and the forum state was entitled to make its own determination.
As of 2009, Nevada's divorce rate was above the national average.[99]
Taxes
Nevada's tax laws are intended to draw new residents and businesses to the state. Nevada has no personal income tax or corporate income tax.[100] Since Nevada does not collect income data it cannot share such information with the federal government, the IRS.[101]
The state sales tax (similar to VAT or GST) in Nevada is variable depending upon the county. The statewide tax rate is 6.85%, with five counties (Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, and Mineral) charging this amount. Counties may impose additional rates via voter approval or through approval of the state legislature; therefore, the applicable sales tax varies by county from 6.85% to 8.375% (Clark County). Clark County, which includes Las Vegas, imposes four separate county option taxes in addition to the statewide rate: 0.25% for flood control, 0.50% for mass transit, 0.25% for infrastructure, and 0.25% for more cops. In Washoe County, which includes Reno, the sales tax rate is 7.725%, due to county option rates for flood control, the ReTRAC train trench project, and mass transit, and an additional county rate approved under the Local Government Tax Act of 1991.[102] The minimum Nevada sales tax rate changed on July 1, 2009.[103]
The lodging tax rate in unincorporated Clark County, which includes the Las Vegas Strip, is 12%. Within the boundaries of the cities of Las Vegas and Henderson, the lodging tax rate is 13%.
Corporations such as Apple Inc. allegedly have set up investment companies and funds in Nevada to avoid paying taxes.[104]
Gay rights
In 2009, the Nevada Legislature passed a bill creating a domestic partnership registry which enables gay couples to enjoy the same rights as married couples. In June 2015, gay marriage became legal in Nevada due to the U.S. Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges.
Incorporation
Nevada provides a friendly environment for the formation of corporations, and many (especially California) businesses have incorporated in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits of the Nevada statute. Nevada corporations offer great flexibility to the board of directors and simplify or avoid many of the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some other states. In addition, Nevada has no franchise tax, although it does require businesses to have a license for which the business has to pay the state.
Financial institutions
Similarly, many U.S. states have usury laws limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge, but federal law allows corporations to "import" these laws from their home state. Nevada has no cap on interest rates that may be agreed to in contracts.[105]
Alcohol and other drugs
Nevada has very liberal alcohol laws. Bars are permitted to remain open 24 hours, with no "last call". Liquor stores, convenience stores and supermarkets may also sell alcohol 24 hours per day and may sell beer, wine and spirits.
In 2016, Nevada voters approved Question 2, which legalized the possession, transportation and cultivation of personal use amounts of marijuana for adults age 21 years and older, and authorized the creation of a regulated market for the sale of marijuana to adults age 21 years and older through state-licensed retail outlets.[106] Nevada voters had previously approved medical marijuana in 2000, but rejected marijuana legalization in a similar referendum in 2006. Marijuana in all forms remains illegal under federal law.
Aside from cannabis legalization, non-alcohol drug laws are a notable exception to Nevada's otherwise libertarian principles. It is notable for having the harshest penalties for drug offenders in the country. Nevada remains the only state to still use mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines for possession of drugs.[107]
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reported, in their Behavioral Health Barometer for Nevada, published in 2014, changes to substance abuse patterns and addiction across the southwestern state.[108] Between 2012 and 2013, adolescents in Nevada abused illicit substances at a slightly higher percentage than nationally. 10.2 percent of Nevada's adolescents abused illicit drugs compared to 9.2 percent across the United States. Between 2009 and 2013, 11.7 percent of all adolescents in the state reported abusing illicit, intoxicating substances in the month prior to the survey; this represents 25,000 adolescents.
Smoking
Nevada voters enacted a smoking ban ("The Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act") in November 2006 which became effective on December 8, 2006. It outlaws smoking in most workplaces and public places. Smoking is permitted in bars, but only if the bar serves no food, or the bar is inside a larger casino. Smoking is also permitted in casinos, certain hotel rooms, tobacco shops, and brothels.[109] However, some businesses do not obey this law and the government tends not to enforce it.[110] In 2011, smoking restrictions in Nevada were relaxed for certain places which allow only people 21 or older inside.[111]
Crime
In 2006, the crime rate in Nevada was about 24% higher than the national average rate, though crime has since decreased. Property crimes accounted for about 85% of the total crime rate in Nevada, which was 21% higher than the national rate. The remaining 20.3% were violent crimes.[112] A complete listing of crime data in the state for 2013 can be found here:[113]
Politics
Party | Total voters | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 716,607 | 34.09% | |
Republican | 619,340 | 29.46% | |
Nonpartisan | 588,018 | 27.97% | |
Independent American | 96,000 | 4.57% | |
Other | 61,044 | 2.90% | |
Libertarian | 21,022 | 1.00% | |
Total | 2,102,031 | 100% |
State politics
Due to heavy growth in the southern portion of the state, there is a noticeable divide between the politics of northern and southern Nevada. Historically, northern Nevada has been very Republican. The more rural counties of the north are among the most conservative regions of the country. Carson City, the state's capital, is a Republican-leaning swing city/county. Washoe County, home to Reno, has historically been strongly Republican, but now has become more of a Democratic-leaning swing county, like the state as a whole. Clark County, home to Las Vegas, has been a stronghold for the Democratic Party since it was founded in 1909, having voted Republican only six times and once for a third-party candidate.[citation needed] Clark and Washoe counties have long dominated the state's politics. Between them, they cast 87% of Nevada's vote, and elect a substantial majority of the state legislature. The last Republican to carry Clark County was George H.W. Bush in 1988, and the last Republican to carry Washoe County was George W. Bush in 2004. The great majority of the state's elected officials are from either Las Vegas or Reno.[citation needed]
However, in 2014, Republican Adam Laxalt, despite losing both Clark and Washoe counties, was elected Attorney General. However, he had lost Clark County only by 5.6% and Washoe County by 1.4%, attributable to lower turnout in these counties.[115]
National politics
Nevada has voted for the winner in nearly every presidential election from 1912 to 2020, the only exceptions being 1976 when it voted for Gerald Ford over Jimmy Carter and 2016 when the state was carried by Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump. This includes Nevada supporting Democrats John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1960 and 1964, respectively, Republican Richard Nixon in 1968 and in 1972, Republican Ronald Reagan in 1980 and in 1984, Republican George H.W. Bush in 1988, Democrat Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996, Republican George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004, and Democrat Barack Obama winning the state in both 2008 and 2012, as well as Joe Biden in the 2020 election. This gives the state status as a political bellwether. From 1912 to 2020, Nevada has been carried by the presidential victor the most out of any state (27 of 29 elections). In 2016, Nevada lost its bellwether status briefly when it narrowly cast its votes for Hillary Clinton. Nevada regained it when Biden won in 2020. Nevada has been carried by the winner of nearly every presidential election since its first in 1864, only being carried by the defeated candidate eight times since statehood. It was one of only three states won by John F. Kennedy in the American West in the election of 1960, albeit narrowly.[116]
Hillary Clinton narrowly defeated Trump in Nevada in 2016, winning 47.92% of votes to Trump's 45.5%.[117]
The state's U.S. Senators are Democrats Catherine Cortez Masto and Jacky Rosen. The Governorship is held by Steve Sisolak, a Democrat.
Elections
Nevada is the only U.S. state to have a none of the above option available on its ballots. Officially called None of These Candidates, the option was first added to the ballot in 1975 and is used in all statewide elections, including president, US Senate and all state constitutional positions. In the event "None of These Candidates" receives a plurality of votes in the election, the candidate with the next-highest total is elected.[118]
In a 2020 study, Nevada was ranked as the 23rd on the "Cost of Voting Index" which is a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States".[119]
Culture
Entertainment and tourism
Resort areas like Las Vegas, Reno, Lake Tahoe, and Laughlin attract visitors from around the nation and world. In FY08 their 266 casinos (not counting ones with annual revenue under a million dollars) brought in $12 billion in gaming revenue and another $13 billion in non-gaming revenue. A review of gaming statistics can be found at Nevada gaming area.
Nevada has by far the most hotel rooms per capita in the United States. According to the American Hotel and Lodging Association, there were 187,301 rooms in 584 hotels (of 15 or more rooms). The state is ranked just below California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the total number of rooms, but those states have much larger populations. Nevada has one hotel room for every 14 residents, far above the national average of one hotel room per 67 residents.[120]
Prostitution is legal in parts of Nevada in licensed brothels, but only counties with populations under 400,000 have the option to legalize it. Although prostitution is not a major part of the Nevada economy, employing roughly 300 women as independent contractors, it is a very visible endeavor. Of the 14 counties permitted to legalize prostitution under state law, eight have chosen to legalize brothels. State law prohibits prostitution in Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), and Washoe County (which contains Reno). However, prostitution is legal in Storey County, which is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.
Sports
The Las Vegas Valley is home to the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League who began to play in the 2017–18 NHL season at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League who began play at Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas in 2020 after moving from Oakland, California, and the Las Vegas Aces of the WNBA who began playing in 2018 at Mandalay Bay Events Center after relocating from San Antonio.
Nevada takes pride in college sports, most notably its college football. College teams in the state include the Nevada Wolf Pack (representing the University of Nevada, Reno) and the UNLV Rebels (representing the University of Nevada, Las Vegas), both in the Mountain West Conference (MW).
UNLV is most remembered for its men's basketball program, which experienced its height of supremacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coached by Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels became one of the most elite programs in the country. In 1990, UNLV won the Men's Division I Championship by defeating Duke 103–73, which set tournament records for most points scored by a team and largest margin of victory in the national title game.
In 1991, UNLV finished the regular season undefeated, a feat that would not be matched in Division I men's basketball for more than 20 years. Forward Larry Johnson won several awards, including the Naismith Award. UNLV reached the Final Four yet again, but lost their national semifinal against Duke 79–77. The Runnin' Rebels were the Associated Press pre-season No. 1 back to back (1989–90, 1990–91). North Carolina is the only other team to accomplish that (2007–08, 2008–09).
The state's involvement in major-college sports is not limited to its local schools. In the 21st century, the Las Vegas area has become a significant regional center for college basketball conference tournaments. The MW, West Coast Conference, and Western Athletic Conference all hold their men's and women's tournaments in the area, and the Pac-12 holds its men's tournament there as well. The Big Sky Conference, after decades of holding its men's and women's conference tournaments at campus sites, began holding both tournaments in Reno in 2016.
Las Vegas has hosted several professional boxing matches, most recently at the MGM Grand Garden Arena with bouts such as Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield, Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II, Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather and Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao and at the newer T-Mobile Arena with Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir Khan.
Along with significant rises in popularity in mixed martial arts (MMA), a number of fight leagues such as the UFC have taken interest in Las Vegas as a primary event location due to the number of suitable host venues. The Mandalay Bay Events Center and MGM Grand Garden Arena are among some of the more popular venues for fighting events such as MMA and have hosted several UFC and other MMA title fights. The city has held the most UFC events with 86 events.
The state is also home to the Las Vegas Motor Speedway, which hosts NASCAR's Pennzoil 400 and South Point 400. Two venues in the immediate Las Vegas area host major annual events in rodeo. The Thomas & Mack Center, built for UNLV men's basketball, hosts the National Finals Rodeo. The PBR World Finals, operated by the bull riding-only Professional Bull Riders, was also held at the Thomas & Mack Center before moving to T-Mobile Arena in 2016.
The state is also home to famous tennis player, Andre Agassi, and current baseball superstar Bryce Harper.
List of teams
Major professional teams
Team | Sport | League | Venue (capacity) | Established | Titles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Las Vegas Raiders | Football | NFL | Allegiant Stadium (65,000) | 2020 | 3[c] |
Vegas Golden Knights | Ice hockey | NHL | T-Mobile Arena (17,500) | 2017 | 0 |
Las Vegas Aces | Women's basketball | WNBA | Michelob Ultra Arena (12,000) | 2018 | 0 |
Minor professional teams
Team | Sport | League | Venue (capacity) | Established | Titles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Las Vegas Aviators | Baseball | MiLB (AAA–Triple-A West) | Las Vegas Ballpark (10,000) | 1983 | 2 |
Reno Aces | Greater Nevada Field (9,013) | 2009 | 2 | ||
Las Vegas Royals | Basketball | ABA | 2020 | 0 | |
Vegas Ballers | TBL | Tarkanian Basketball Center (N/A) | 0 | ||
Henderson Silver Knights | Ice hockey | AHL | Orleans Arena (7,773) Dollar Loan Center (6,019) |
0 | |
Las Vegas Lights FC | Soccer | USLC | Cashman Field (9,334) | 2018 | 0 |
Nevada Storm | Women's football | WFA | Damonte Ranch High School (N/A) Fernley High School (N/A) Galena High School (N/A) |
2008 | 0 |
Sin City Trojans | Desert Pines High School (N/A) | 0 | |||
Vegas Knight Hawks | Indoor football | IFL | Dollar Loan Center (6,019) | 2021 | 0 |
Las Vegas NLL team | Box lacrosse | NLL | Michelob Ultra Arena (12,000) | 0 |
Amateur teams
Team | Sport | League | Venue (capacity) | Established | Titles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reno Ice Raiders | Ice hockey | MWHL | Reno Ice | 2015 | 0 |
Vegas Jesters | City National Arena (600) | 2012 | 0 | ||
Las Vegas Thunderbirds | USPHL | 2019 | 0 | ||
Las Vegas Legends | Soccer | NPSL | Peter Johann Memorial Field (2,500) | 2021 | 0 |
Nevada Coyotes FC | UPSL | Rio Vista Sports Complex (N/A) | 2016 | 0 |
College teams
School | Team | League | Division | Conference |
---|---|---|---|---|
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) | UNLV Rebels | NCAA | NCAA Division I | Mountain West |
University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) | Nevada Wolf Pack | |||
College of Southern Nevada (CSN) | CSN Coyotes | NJCAA | NJCAA Division I | Scenic West |
Western Nevada College (WNC) | WNC Wildcats |
Military

Several United States Navy ships have been named USS Nevada in honor of the state. They include:
Area 51 is near Groom Lake, a dry salt lake bed. The much smaller Creech Air Force Base is in Indian Springs, Nevada; Hawthorne Army Depot in Hawthorne; the Tonopah Test Range near Tonopah; and Nellis AFB in the northeast part of the Las Vegas Valley. Naval Air Station Fallon in Fallon; NSAWC, (pronounced "EN-SOCK") in western Nevada. NSAWC consolidated three Command Centers into a single Command Structure under a flag officer on July 11, 1996. The Naval Strike Warfare Center (STRIKE "U") based at NAS Fallon since 1984, was joined with the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN) and the Carrier Airborne Early Warning Weapons School (TOPDOME) which both moved from NAS Miramar as a result of a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) decision in 1993 which transferred that installation back to the Marine Corps as MCAS Miramar. The Seahawk Weapon School was added in 1998 to provide tactical training for Navy helicopters.
These bases host a number of activities including the Joint Unmanned Aerial Systems Center of Excellence, the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Nevada Test and Training Range, Red Flag, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, the United States Air Force Warfare Center, the United States Air Force Weapons School, and the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School.
See also
- Index of Nevada-related articles
- Outline of Nevada – organized list of topics about Nevada
Notes
- ^ The distinction of highest point in Nevada goes to the summit of Boundary Peak, so named because it is very near the Nevada–California border, at the northern terminus of the White Mountains. However, Boundary Peak can be considered a subsidiary summit of Montgomery Peak, whose summit is in California, since the topographic prominence of Boundary Peak is only 253 feet (77 m), which falls under the often used 300-foot (91 m) cutoff for an independent peak. Also, Boundary Peak is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) away from its higher neighbor. Hence Boundary Peak can be described as not being wholly within Nevada. By contrast, the prominence of Wheeler Peak, 13,063 feet (3,982 m), is quite large and in fact it is the twelfth largest in the contiguous United States. Wheeler Peak is the highest point in a radius of more than 200 square miles (520 km2) and is entirely within the state of Nevada.
- ^ Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry
- ^ Two titles were won when the team was based in Oakland, California and one was won when they were based in Los Angeles, California.
References
- ^ "Boundary". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "United States Median Household Income". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ Also sometimes placed in the Mountain West and Southwestern United States.
- ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2010-2017". 2017 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
- ^ "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2017". Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
- ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). Encyclopedia Americana. .
- ^ "Federal Land Acres in Nevada" (PDF). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2006. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Rocha, Guy "Myth No. 12 – Why Did Nevada Become a State?" Archived October 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Nevada State Library and Archives, accessed January 9, 2011
- ^ "Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990 by State" (PDF). Census.gov. US Census. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 21, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
- ^ Bible, Bill "Protect Gaming's Legacy" Archived July 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Las Vegas Sun, August 11, 2000, accessed January 9, 2011
- ^ Jain, Priya "Betty Goes Reno" Archived December 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Slate, July 21, 2010, accessed January 9, 2011
- ^ "Nevada Employment & Unemployment Estimates for November 2010" Archived May 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Nevada Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions" Archived January 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Nevada Mining Association, accessed January 7, 2011.
- ^ "Nevada". Wordreference.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ "Nevada | Search Online Etymology Dictionary".
- ^ Francis McCabe (October 18, 2018). "You Say Nevada, I Say Nevada…". Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ Clifton, Guy (August 22, 2010). "You heard it right: Bill would let them say Ne-VAH-da". Reno Gazette-Journal.
- ^ Archive.org "Wayback Machine" view from December 29, 2013: "Nevada: A World Within. A State Apart. | Nevada Travel & Tourism". Travelnevada.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
- ^ "Nevada Tourism License Plate". dmvnv.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- ^ "Explorers and Settlers in Nevada" (PDF). Washoe County School District. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ History of Nevada Archived June 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- ^ "National Archives Celebrates the 145th Anniversary of Nevada Statehood". National Archives of the United States. September 23, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ The National Archives press release states that the cost was $4,313.27, but the amount $4,303.27 is actually written on the document.
- ^ Rocha Guy, Historical Myth a Month: Why Did Nevada Become A State? Archived January 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Moe, Al W. Nevada's Golden Age of Gambling, Puget Sound Books, 2002, p. 18
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External links
- "Nevada" (official state website).
- "Nevada State Guide". Library of Congress.
- "Nevada State Databases". ALA. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Nevada state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association. - State Tourism website
- Nevada State Library and Archives
- Energy Profile for Nevada
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Nevada
- US Census Bureau
- 1875 County Map at Texas Tech Southwest Collection
- County Maps of Nevada Full color maps. List of cities, towns and county seats
- Nevada State Facts from USDA
- Forgotten Nevada – Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Nevada
- Nevada's Historical Markers
- Nevada State Seal
- Nevada at Curlie
Geographic data related to Nevada at OpenStreetMap
- Online Nevada Encyclopedia, Nevada Humanities
Coordinates: 39°19′44″N 116°37′52″W / 39.3289°N 116.6312°W