Academy Award for Best Actress
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Academy Award for Best Female Actor | |
|---|---|
 The 2020 recipient: Frances McDormand[a] | |
| Awarded for | Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) |
| First awarded | 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927/1928 film season) |
| Most recent winner | Frances McDormand Nomadland (2020) |
| Website | oscars |
The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a released that year. The award is traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Actor winner.
The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise.[1] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[2] In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[3] However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots.[4]
The following year, the current system was introduced in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.[3] Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year.[3] One actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels.[5] Since its inception, the award has been given to 77 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars. With 17 nominations, Meryl Streep is the most nominated in this category, resulting in two wins. Italian actress Sophia Loren was the first winner for a non-English language performance for Two Women (1961). At age 21, Marlee Matlin became the youngest actress to win this award for Children of a Lesser God and at age 80, Jessica Tandy became the oldest winner in this category for Driving Miss Daisy. Halle Berry is the first and only African-American actress to win in this category, for the 2001 film Monster's Ball. As of the 2021 ceremony, Frances McDormand is the most recent winner in this category for her portrayal of Fern in Nomadland.
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[6] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[7] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[7] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[7] Meryl Streep is the most nominated actress in this category with 17 nominations winning in this category twice for Sophie's Choice (1982), and The Iron Lady (2011).[8] Katharine Hepburn holds the records for most wins with 12 nominations and 4 wins for Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981).[9]
|
Indicates the winner |
1920s
Janet Gaynor won for 7th Heaven (1927), Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and Street Angel (1928).
| Year | Actress | Role(s) | Film | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1927/28 (1st) |
Janet Gaynor
|
Diane Angela The Wife |
7th Heaven Street Angel Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans |
[10] |
| Louise Dresser | Mrs. Pleznik | A Ship Comes In | ||
| Gloria Swanson | Sadie Thompson | Sadie Thompson | ||
| 1928/29 (2nd) [note 1] |
Mary Pickford
|
Norma Besant | Coquette | [11] |
| Ruth Chatterton | Jacqueline Floriot | Madame X | ||
| Betty Compson | Carrie | The Barker | ||
| Jeanne Eagels (posthumous) | Leslie Crosbie | The Letter | ||
| Corinne Griffith | Emma Hamilton | The Divine Lady | ||
| Bessie Love | Hank Mahoney | The Broadway Melody |
1930s
Norma Shearer received five nominations in this category, winning for her role in The Divorcee (1930).
Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981).
Claudette Colbert won for It Happened One Night (1934), becoming the first French actress to win an Oscar.
1940s
Greer Garson garnered seven nominations in this category, including five consecutive, winning for her titular performance in Mrs. Miniver (1942)
1950s
Anna Magnani won for her role in The Rose Tattoo (1955), becoming the first Italian actress to win an Oscar.
1960s
1970s
Sally Field won twice for Best Actress for her roles in Norma Rae (1979) and Places in the Heart (1984).
1980s
Meryl Streep has been nominated a record 17 times in this category, winning twice for Sophie's Choice (1982), and for The Iron Lady (2011).
At age 21, Marlee Matlin became the youngest actress to win for Children of a Lesser God (1986). She is also the only deaf person to win an Oscar.
Jodie Foster won twice for The Accused (1988), and for The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Foster, a lesbian, is the first and only openly LGBTQ actress to win Best Actress.
1990s
Hilary Swank won twice, for her portrayal of Brandon Teena in Boys Don't Cry (1999), and for Million Dollar Baby (2004).
2000s
Halle Berry won for Monster's Ball (2001), becoming the first and only woman of color to win this category.[83]
2010s
2020s
| Year | Actress | Role(s) | Film | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020/21[104] (93rd) |
Frances McDormand
|
Fern | Nomadland | [105] |
| Viola Davis | Ma Rainey | Ma Rainey's Black Bottom | ||
| Andra Day | Billie Holiday | The United States vs. Billie Holiday | ||
| Vanessa Kirby | Martha Weiss | Pieces of a Woman | ||
| Carey Mulligan | Cassandra "Cassie" Thomas | Promising Young Woman |
Multiple wins and nominations
|
The following individuals received two or more Best Actress awards:
|
The following individuals received four or more Best Actress nominations:
|
Nominated and/or winning portrayals of the same role across different movies
| Character | Actor | Movie | Year | Status | Observation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leslie Crosbie | Jeanne Eagels | The Letter | 1929 | Nominated | |
| Bette Davis | The Letter | 1940 | Nominated | Remake of the 1929 version. | |
| Esther Blodgett/Vicki Lester | Janet Gaynor | A Star Is Born | 1937 | Nominated | Lady Gaga was also nominated for her performance on the 2018 remake of A Star is Born, although her character was only a rendition of Esther Blodgett/Vicki Lester, re-imagined as pop singer Ally Maine. |
| Judy Garland | A Star Is Born | 1954 | Nominated | ||
| Billie Holiday | Diana Ross | Lady Sings the Blues | 1972 | Nominated | |
| Andra Day | The United States vs. Billie Holiday | 2021 | Nominated | ||
| Josephine "Jo" March | Winona Ryder | Little Women | 1994 | Nominated | |
| Saoirse Ronan | Little Women | 2019 | Nominated | The 2019 version of Little Women marked the sixth adaptation into film from Louisa May Alcott's eponymous novel and it is not considered a remake of previous versions. | |
| Queen Elizabeth I | Cate Blanchett | Elizabeth | 1998 | Nominated | |
| Elizabeth: The Golden Age | 2007 | Nominated | Sequel of Elizabeth. |
Overlaps between Leading and Supporting Actress
Portrayals of the same role that spanned over leading and supporting performances.
| Character | Actor | Movie | Year | Status | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rose DeWitt Bukater | Kate Winslet | Titanic | 1997 | Nominated | Leading |
| Gloria Stuart | Nominated | Supporting | |||
| Queen Elizabeth I | Judi Dench | Shakespeare in Love | 1998 | Won | Supporting |
| Cate Blanchett | Elizabeth | Nominated | Leading | ||
| Elizabeth: The Golden Age | 2007 | Nominated | |||
| Iris Murdoch | Judi Dench | Iris | 2001 | Nominated | Leading |
| Kate Winslet | Nominated | Supporting |
Multiple nominations from the same film
- Anne Baxter and Bette Davis in All About Eve (1950)
- Katharine Hepburn and Elizabeth Taylor in Suddenly, Last Summer (1959)
- Anne Bancroft and Shirley MacLaine in The Turning Point (1977)
- Shirley MacLaine (winner) and Debra Winger in Terms of Endearment (1983)
- Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon in Thelma & Louise (1991)
Nominations for portraying multiple characters in the same film
- Meryl Streep as Sarah Woodruff and Anna in The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981)
Age superlatives
| Record | Actress | Film | Age (in years) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oldest winner | Jessica Tandy | Driving Miss Daisy | 80 | [106] |
| Oldest nominee | Emmanuelle Riva | Amour | 85 | [106] |
| Youngest winner | Marlee Matlin | Children of a Lesser God | 21 | [106] |
| Youngest nominee | Quvenzhané Wallis | Beasts of the Southern Wild | 9 | [106] |
Diversity of nominees/winners
Asian nominees/winners
Five actresses of Asian descent and/or nationality have been nominated a total of seven times in this category, and three actresses have won this award (with Vivien Leigh winning twice).
- 1935 – Merle Oberon for The Dark Angel as Kitty Vane
- 1939 – / Vivien Leigh for Gone with the Wind as Scarlett O'Hara
- 1951 – / Vivien Leigh for A Streetcar Named Desire as Blanche DuBois (2 of 2)
- 1987 – / Cher for Moonstruck as Loretta Castorini
- 2002 – / Salma Hayek for Frida as Frida Kahlo
- 2010 – / Natalie Portman for Black Swan as Nina Sayers
- 2016 – / Natalie Portman for Jackie as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1 of 2)
Black nominees/winners
Thirteen black actresses have been nominated a total of fourteen times in this category, and one actress has won this award.
- 1954 – Dorothy Dandridge for Carmen Jones as Carmen Jones
- 1972 – Diana Ross for Lady Sings the Blues as Billie Holiday
- 1972 – Cicely Tyson for Sounder as Rebecca Morgan
- 1974 – Diahann Carroll for Claudine as Claudine
- 1985 – Whoopi Goldberg for The Color Purple as Celie Johnson
- 1993 – Angela Bassett for What's Love Got to Do with It as Tina Turner
- 2001 – Halle Berry for Monster's Ball as Leticia Musgrove
- 2009 – Gabourey Sidibe for Precious as Claireece "Precious" Jones
- 2011 – Viola Davis for The Help as Aibileen Clark
- 2012 – Quvenzhané Wallis for Beasts of the Southern Wild as Hushpuppy
- 2016 – / Ruth Negga for Loving as Mildred Loving
- 2019 – / Cynthia Erivo for Harriet as Harriet Tubman
- 2020 – Viola Davis for Ma Rainey's Black Bottom as Ma Rainey (0 of 2)
- 2020 – Andra Day for The United States vs. Billie Holiday as Billie Holiday
Hispanic/Latin American nominees/winners
Six actresses of Hispanic/Latin American descent and/or nationality have been nominated a total of seven times in this category, and one actress has won this award (with Hilary Swank winning twice).
- 1998 – Fernanda Montenegro for Central Station as Isadora "Dora" Teixeira
- 1999 – / Hilary Swank for Boys Don't Cry as Brandon Teena
- 2002 – / Salma Hayek for Frida as Frida Kahlo
- 2004 – Catalina Sandino Moreno for Maria Full of Grace as Maria Álvarez
- 2004 – / Hilary Swank for Million Dollar Baby as Mary Margaret "Maggie" Fitzgerald (2 of 2)
- 2006 – Penélope Cruz for Volver as Raimunda
- 2018 – Yalitza Aparicio for Roma as Cleodegaria "Cleo" Gutiérrez
Indigenous nominees
Two indigenous actresses have been nominated in this category.
- 2003 – (Māori) Keisha Castle-Hughes for Whale Rider as Paikea Apirana
- 2018 – (Mixtec and Trique – Native Mexican) Yalitza Aparicio for Roma as Cleodegaria "Cleo" Gutiérrez
Oceanic nominees/winners
Seven Oceanic actresses have been nominated a total of thirteen times in this category, and two actresses have won this award.
- 1932/33 – May Robson for Lady for a Day as Apple Annie
- 1984 – Judy Davis for A Passage to India as Adela Quested
- 1998 – Cate Blanchett for Elizabeth as Elizabeth I
- 2001 – / Nicole Kidman for Moulin Rouge! as Satine
- 2002 – / Nicole Kidman for The Hours as Virginia Woolf (1 of 2)
- 2003 – / Keisha Castle-Hughes for Whale Rider as Paikea Apirana
- 2003 – / Naomi Watts for 21 Grams as Cristina Peck
- 2007 – Cate Blanchett for Elizabeth: The Golden Age as Elizabeth I (0 of 2)
- 2010 – / Nicole Kidman for Rabbit Hole as Becca Corbett (1 of 3)
- 2012 – / Naomi Watts for The Impossible as María Belón
- 2013 – Cate Blanchett for Blue Jasmine as Jeanette "Jasmine" Francis (1 of 3)
- 2015 – Cate Blanchett for Carol as Carol Aird (1 of 4)
- 2017 – Margot Robbie for I, Tonya as Tonya Harding
LGBTQ nominees/winners
Five LGBTQ actors have been nominated a total of seven times in this category, and one actress has won this award (with Jodie Foster winning twice).
- 1930/31 – Marlene Dietrich (Bisexual) for Morocco as Mademoiselle Amy Jolly
- 1988 – Jodie Foster (Lesbian) for The Accused as Sarah Tobias
- 1991 – Jodie Foster (Lesbian) for The Silence of the Lambs as Clarice Starling (2 of 2)
- 1994 – Jodie Foster (Lesbian) for Nell as Nell Kellty (2 of 3)
- 2007 – Elliot Page (Transgender non-binary and queer) for Juno as Juno MacGuff
- 2008 – Angelina Jolie (Bisexual) for Changeling as Christine Collins
- 2018 – Lady Gaga (Bisexual) for A Star is Born as Ally Maine
Non-English language nominees/winners
Twenty-two actresses with non-English performances have been nominated a total of twenty-six times in this category, and six actresses have won this award (with American Sign Language performances winning twice).
- 1948 – (American Sign Language) Jane Wyman for Johnny Belinda as Belinda MacDonald
- 1960 – (Greek) Melina Mercouri for Never on Sunday as Ilya
- 1961 – (Italian) Sophia Loren for Two Women as Cesira
- 1964 – (Italian) Sophia Loren for Marriage Italian Style as Filumena Marturano
- 1966 – (French) Anouk Aimée for A Man and a Woman as Anne Gauthier
- 1966 – / (Slovak/Yiddish) Ida Kamińska for The Shop on Main Street as Rozália Lautmannová
- 1972 – (Swedish) Liv Ullmann for The Emigrants as Kristina Nilsson
- 1975 – (Yiddish) Carol Kane for Hester Street as Gitl
- 1975 – (French) Isabelle Adjani for The Story of Adele H. as Adèle Hugo/Adèle Lewry
- 1976 – (French) Marie-Christine Barrault for Cousin Cousine as Marthe
- 1976 – (Swedish) Liv Ullmann for Face to Face as Dr. Jenny Isaksson
- 1978 – (Swedish) Ingrid Bergman for Autumn Sonata as Charlotte Andergast
- 1986 – (American Sign Language) Marlee Matlin for Children of a Lesser God as Sarah Norman
- 1989 – (French) Isabelle Adjani for Camille Claudel as Camille Claudel
- 1992 – (French) Catherine Deneuve for Indochine as Éliane Devries
- 1993 – (British Sign Language) Holly Hunter for The Piano as Ada McGrath
- 1998 – (Brazilian Portuguese) Fernanda Montenegro for Central Station as Isadora "Dora" Teixeira
- 2004 – (Colombian Spanish) Catalina Sandino Moreno for Maria Full of Grace as Maria Álvarez
- 2006 – (Spanish) Penélope Cruz for Volver as Raimunda
- 2007 – (French) Marion Cotillard for La Vie en Rose as Édith Piaf
- 2012 – (French) Emmanuelle Riva for Amour as Anne Laurent
- 2014 – (French) Marion Cotillard for Two Days, One Night as Sandra Bya
- 2016 – (French) Isabelle Huppert for Elle as Michèle Leblanc
- 2017 – (American Sign Language) Sally Hawkins for The Shape of Water as Elisa Esposito
- 2018 – (Mexican Spanish/Mixtec) Yalitza Aparicio for Roma as Cleodegaria "Cleo" Gutiérrez
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.JPG){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.JPG){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
See also
- All Academy Award acting nominees
- BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
- César Award for Best Actress
- Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical
- Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead
- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
Notes
- ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
- A1 2 : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer were both nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Shearer won the award for only one of the two films she was listed for.[107]
- B^ : Bette Davis's performance in Of Human Bondage was not nominated for an Oscar.[108] Several influential people at the time campaigned to have her name included on the list, so for that year (and the following year also) the Academy relaxed its rules and allowed a write-in vote.[109] Technically this meant that any performance was eligible to win the award, whether or not the person was an official nominee. While the Academy does not officially recognize this as a nomination for Davis,[110][111] it has included her in the list of nominees for the 1935 ceremony on its official website.[16]
- C1 2 : Both Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand received the exact same number of votes, resulting in both actresses receiving the award, according to Academy rules.[112]
- D^ : Elliot Page was nominated before his gender transition in 2020.[113]
References
- ^ "Rule One: Award Definitions" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ^ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 8-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ^ a b c Levy 2003, p. 56
- ^ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History". Filmsite. Rainbow Media. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ^ Thise 2008, p. 235
- ^ Crouse 2005, p. 257
- ^ a b c Levy 2003, p. 52
- ^ "Meryl Streep Just Broke Her Own Oscar Nominations Record Because She's Meryl Streep". Time. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ "Katharine Hepburn Won Four Oscars, Never Received Them At Show". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ "The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 2nd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 3rd Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on August 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 4th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 5th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 6th Academy Awards (1934) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ a b "The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ King, Susan (March 28, 2011). "The Academy to fete Sophia Loren". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
- ^ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ Crouse 2005, p. 88
- ^ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
- ^ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
- ^ "The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 10, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
- ^ "The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
- ^ "The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
- ^ "The 90th Academy Awards (2018) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
- ^ "The 91st Academy Awards (2019) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
- ^ "The 92nd Academy Awards (2020) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 9, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- ^ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^ "The 93rd Academy Awards (2021) Nominees". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Oldest/Youngest Acting Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
- ^ Rooney, David (November 25, 2003). "On the double-bubble". Variety. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1002
- ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1045
- ^ Levy 2003, p. 51
- ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 65
- ^ Levy 2003, p. 116
- ^ Donnelly, Matt (December 1, 2020). "Oscar-Nominated 'Umbrella Academy' Star Elliot Page Announces He Is Transgender". Variety. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
Bibliography
- Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.
- Levy, Emanuel (2003), All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards, New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-82641-452-6
- Thise, Mark (2008), Hollywood Winners & Loseres A to Z, New York, United States: Limelight Editions, ISBN 978-0-87910-351-4
- Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996), Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.), New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-34540-053-6, OCLC 779680732
- ^ McDormand is holding a Screen Actors Guild Award in this photo
External links
- Oscars.org (official Academy site)
- The Academy Awards Database (official site)
- Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)